Total Child Labour Around The World

Country Total Child Labour Afghanistan NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects there will be 601,000 economically active children, 269,000 girls and 332,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.18% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 529,000 economically active children, 227,000 girls and 302,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.25% of this age group. (International Labour Organisation (ILO), International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children from the age of 6 often work to help support their families by herding animals in rural areas and by collecting paper and firewood, shining shoes, begging, or collecting scrap metal among street debris in the cities. Some of these practices expose children to the danger of landmines. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) Albania NATIONAL STATISTICS * The total number of child labourers are between 35,000-50,000. An additional 16,000 children dropped out of school in 1999-2000. (CRCA, e-mail to GMIS, 15 October 2000) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,000 economically active children, most of them boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.31% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 4,000 economically active children, approximately 1,000 girls and 2,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.11% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997, with numbers rounded to the nearest thousand) Algeria NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 0% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 58,000 economically active children, most of them girls between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.63% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * The minimum employment age is not enforced effectively in the agricultural or private sectors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * Economic necessity compels many children to resort to informal employment, such as street vending. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Andorra - Angola NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 431,000 economically active children, 211,000 girls and 220,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.08% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 364,000 economically active children,177,000 girls and 186,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.09% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Many younger children work on family farms, as domestic servants, and also in the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Antigua and Barbuda GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * There have been no reports of minimum age employment violations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Argentina NATIONAL STATISTICS * According to the ILO/IPEC, 6.47 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 14 work. Local NGO's note that the figure is imprecise and could be as high as 10 percent. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002) * For the year 2000, 275 children between 0-9 years, 12619 children between 10-14 years and 473493 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 80,000 economically active children, 60,000 girls and 20,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.40% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * The economically active population between the ages of 10-14 years are 214,238. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999) * Government census figures indicate that about 5% of children between the age of 6 and 14 are employed, most with older family members. Local NGOs note that the figure is imprecise and could be as high as 10%. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * A UNICEF report states that 252,000 children between the ages of 6 and 14 were employed: 183,500 in urban areas and 68,500 in rural areas, principally harvesting tea and tobacco. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000, citing UNICEF Report, 1997) * In 1995, there were 149,000 economically active children, 65,000 girls and 84,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.53% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) LOCAL STATISTICS * In 1999 in the greater Buenos Aires area, 12,500 children age 14 and below were in the work force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002) * In 1999 in the greater Buenos Aires area, 12,500 children age 14 and below were in the work force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * 21% of the children who work in the city of Posada are between 6-9 years, 24% between 10-12 years and 55% between 13-14 years. Of these 57% are boys and 43% girls. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en Argentina, 1994) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children are employed in brick kilns, bakeries, in the agricultural sector and in other informal activities like newspaper vending and shoe polishing. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en Argentina, 1994) Armenia NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) Australia NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, 804100 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 759,200 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * Some 57,000 15-year-olds and 78,000 16-year-olds are legally employed nationally. (Phil Gardner, "Child labour: A growth industry of the 1990s", World Socialist Web Site, 21 November 1998) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * It is known that there is some child labour, particularly in agriculture and in family enterprises. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998) Austria NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, 200800 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 199,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) Azerbaijan NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children between the ages of 14-15 are legally eligible to work with parental consent. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bahamas NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 9,885 teenagers between 15-19 years of age are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Some children work part-time in light industry and service jobs. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bahrain NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * The minimum employment age is 14 years and is strictly observed in the organised industrial sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bangladesh NATIONAL STATISTICS * Because of widespread poverty, many children begin to work at a very young age. The Government estimates that approximately 6.6 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 years work. Working children were found engaged in 200 different types of activities, of which 49 were regarded as harmful to children's physical and mental wellbeing. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 4,846,000 economically active children, 2,300,000 girls and 2,547,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.74% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * Of the 34.5 million children between in 5-15 years, 6,584,000 are child workers i.e. 19.1% of the child population in that age group. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing ILO sponsored National Survey) * Child labour in Bangladesh is about 30% of its total children. (BNWLA, Salma Ali, Country Report on Trafficking in Children and Their Exploitation in Prostitution, October 1998) * The 1995 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics survey estimated that 46% of boys and 36% of girls between the ages of 10-14 were child labourers. (CWA, Tahmina Khatun, Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association, "Child Labour in the Commercial Sector", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 14 Nos. 1 & 2, January - August 1998) * In 1995, there were 5,367,000 economically active children, 2,469,000 girls and 2,899,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 30.12% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * At the 1996 Third SAARC Ministerial Conference on Children, government statistics indicated the figure to be only around 6 million for all children aged 5-14. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997) * Out of 31 million children between the ages of 5-14 years, 6.13 million were economically active, of which 1.9 million were between 5-9 years. Child workers represent about 12% of the total labour force of the country. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996) * Of the total children engaged in economic activity, 82.34% are males and 17.66% are females. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996) * There are about 6.3 million child workers between 5-14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996, citing Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 1996) * Of the children engaged in economic activities 22.92% are sellers/vendors, 16.10 are factory workers, 5.72% brick stone breakers, 4.77% agricultural work, 2.27% are in crafts, 0.65% in fish processing and 0.44% are beggars. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996) * Out of approximately 35 million children (age group 6-14 years), around 13 million children between the ages of 6-10 and 8 million between the ages of 10-14, are employed in some type of work. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997, citing Peter Stalker, A Fork in the Path, 1994) * There are 15 million child labourers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing ICFTU-APRO, Country Report in a Nutshell, October 1993) LOCAL STATISTICS * In the city of Dhaka there are about 300,000 child workers. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996, citing UNICEF, The Progress of Nations, 1995) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Because of widespread poverty, many children begin to work at a very young age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * Children often work alongside other family members in small-scale and subsistence agriculture. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * Rural children tend to work with their families, in agriculture, fishing, forestry, or small family enterprises. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997) * Male child workers dominated all areas except the household and garment sectors. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996) Barbados NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 7,200 teenagers between 15-19 years of age are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1997, of the 20,100 teenagers between 15-19 years of age, 4,100 were employed. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Barbados, February 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * It is generally felt that the problem of child labour does not exist. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Barbados, February 1999) * Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Belarus NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * The law permits children to enroll for work with parental consent from the age of 14. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern that adequate measures are not being taken to protect children from exploitation through labour. (UN CRC, Comments on Belarus, 1994) Belgium NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, 67669 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 46,329 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * There are no industries where significant child labour exists. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998) Belize NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.87% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 459 children under 14 years are employed. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998) * In 1995 there were 1,000 economically active children, most of them boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.38% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Child labour exists in different forms and the problem has been accentuated due to recent waves of immigrants from neighbouring countries. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Belize, February 1999) Benin NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 223,000 economically active children, 92,000 girls and 131,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.47% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 203,000 economically active children, 83,000 girls and 120,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.52% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children of both sexes, including those as young as 7, continue to work on rural family farms, in small businesses, on construction sites in urban areas, in public markets, and as domestic servants. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bhutan NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 124,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 51.05% of this age group. Of these children, 389,000 are girls and 69,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 115,000 economically active children, 343,000 girls and 64,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 55.10% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) Bolivia NATIONAL STATISTICS * A May 1999 study by the ILO estimated that approximately 70,000 children between the ages of 7 and 14 were working in cities, and that approximately 300,000 children in the same age group were working in rural areas. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO study, May 1999) * For the year 2000, 248236 children between 10-14 years and 370506 between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 111,000 economically active children, 49,000 girls and 61,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 11.35% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * The economically active population between the ages of 10-14 years is 214,238. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999) * According to a study by the ILO, approximately 369,385 children between the ages of 7 and 14 work, 23% of that age group, in uncontrolled and sometimes unhealthy conditions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * 270,327 children between 10-14 and 381,013 between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 126,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.36% of this age group. Of these, 56,000 were girls and 69,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * The results of the Inquiry (Encuesta nacional de empleo 1997) show that the majority of children economically active work in the commercial sector (32%), manufacturing sector (26%) and finally in private homes (17.3%). These activities are suitable to an urban area because the inquiry took place in the capital cities of the department. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998) * The results (Encuesta nacional de empleo 1997) show that child domestics work about 49 hours per week, whereas in the transportation and construction sector, they work 39 and 37 hours per week, respectively. The commercial sectors follow with (25 hrs/wk), then the agricultural sector (22 hrs/wk), community and personal services (21 hrs/wk), manufacturing sector (18 hrs /wk), and activities targeted to businesses (12 hrs/wk). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998) * Rural children often work with their parents from an early age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bosnia and Herzegovina NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, 0.02% of the children between the ages of 10-14 were economically active. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children sometimes assisted their families with farm work and other odd jobs. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Botswana NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 30,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.39% of this age group. Of these children, 14,000 are girls and 15,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 37,000 or 11.7% of 0-14 year olds are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998) * In 1995, there were 32,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.92% of this age group. Of these children, 15,000 were girls and 17,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * There is general agreement among the Labour Commissioner, officials of the Ministry of Local Government, Lands, and Housing, and UNICEF that the child labour problem is limited to young children in remote areas who work as cattle tenders, maids, or babysitters. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * Child labour is limited to young children in remote areas who work as cattle tenders, maids, or babysitters. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * Child labour is not perceived to be a significant problem, although research on the issue is limited. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998) Brazil NATIONAL STATISTICS * More than 2.9 million children under the age of 15 continued to work in 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 2,450,000 economically active children 886,000 girls and 1,563,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.43% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 2,885,676 children between 10-14 and 8,804,272 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * More than 2.9 million children aged 14 and under continue to work; 583,000 of whom are between the ages of 5 and 9. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * The document named "Child Labour in Brazil", presented by la Central Unica de las Trabajadores in the colloquium, indicates that children less than 10 years old who work (1.5 million) receive a half of the minimum wage and work on average 48 hrs per week (the maximum authorized by the federal constitution is 44 hrs per week). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998) * Official figures state that 3 million 10-14 year olds are employed, accounting for 4.6% of the work force. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998) * More than 3.8 million children, between the age of 10-14 years, fail to get an education and must work. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998) * In 1995, there were 2,822,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.15% of this age group. Of these, 925,000 were girls and 1,897,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * According to government figures released in April 1999, the number of child labourers has decreased by over 26% since 1996. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimates that child workers between 11-14 make up 11.6% of Brazil's labour force. Of those, 3.5 million are under 14 years. (UNICEF, State of the World's Children, 1996, citing Washington Post, 18 November 1996) * Workers between 10-17 years are 7.5 million, of which 2 million are under 14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1995) * 7.5 million children between 10-17 years, work in Brazil, of which 2 million are under 14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1993) * 2 million children or 14.3% of children between 10 and 13 years of age are working. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing IBGE, 1994) * 47.4% of child workers in the 10-14 age group are paid workers. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996, citing Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics Indicadores Sociais, 1992) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * According to the most recent government figures released in November 1999 and confirmed by UNICEF, the number of children working has decreased steadily since 1993, while the number of children attending school has increased. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing government figures and UNICEF) * The overall level of child labour remained roughly the same between 1998 and 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * According to government figures, the number of working children fell by nearly 24% between 1995 and 1999. The rate of participation in the work force of children from the ages of 5 to 14 dropped from 11 to 9%. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) Brunei Darussalam NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * There were no reports of violations of the child labour laws. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Bulgaria NATIONAL STATISTICS * 6.4% of children between the ages of 5 and 17, or about 80,000 children, were involved in paid employment in the informal sector. Of these, 55% were between the ages of 15 and 17, while 45% were younger than 15 years old. These figures exclude children performing unpaid work within the household or on a family farm. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO-commissioned report on "Problems of Child Labour in the Conditions of Transition in Bulgaria") * For the year 2000, 48500 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 15% of the children between the ages of 15-19 work. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998) * According to a survey conducted by the MLSP in 1998, more than 50,000 children under the age of 16 are believed to be employed illegally in the country. Dr. Zhelyasko Hristov, president of the CITUB labour union, estimated the total number of illegally employed children accounts at least twice that number. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Underage employment in the informal and agricultural sectors is believed to be increasing as collective farms are broken up and the private sector continues to grow. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * Children are known to work on family-owned tobacco farms, and local NGO's reported children working on non-family-owned farms for meagre monetary or in-kind wages. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) * Reports of increasing child labour emerged during 1997. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998) * In 1993, 11% of the child population had dropped out of compulsory school education and it is probable that some of these children are working. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998) Burkina Faso NATIONAL STATISTICS * According to a pamphlet published by the Ministry of Labor in 2000, more than 50 percent of children work, largely as domestics or in the agricultural or mining sectors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 679,000 economically active children, 317,000 girls and 362,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 43.46% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 688,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 51.09% of this age group. Of these, 322,000 were girls and 366,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children are widely employed in family subsistence farms, in the traditional apprenticeship system and the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) Burma (Myanmar) NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,228,000 economically active children, 534,000 girls and 694,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.94% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 1,236,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.51% of this age group. Of these, 538,000 were girls and 698,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Working children are highly visible in cities, mostly working for small or family enterprises, and in family agricultural activities in the countryside. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * The legal minimum age for work is 13 years. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * According to UNICEF figures, of the 62% children not enrolled in primary schools, many work in agriculture with their parents. (Human Rights Watch/Asia, Burma: Children's Rights and the Rule of the Law, submission to the UN CRC, January 1997) Burundi NATIONAL STATISTICS * The World Bank reported that approximately 48 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 14 years worked in 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 437,000 economically active children, 203,000 girls and 235,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 48.50% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 226,376 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998) * In 1995, there were 379,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 48.97% of this age group. Of these, 176,000 were girls and 203,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Children under the age of 16 in rural areas do heavy manual labour in the daytime during the school year. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001) Cambodia NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 343,000 economically active children, 171,000 girls and 171,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 23.74% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * According to the government, about 17% of children between the age of 5 and 17 are economically active. The vast majority fall toward the upper end of the age range. 80% are engaged in agriculture. Few children are engaged in industrial activity. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000) * There are an estimated 600,000 working children. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Cambodia, 1998) * 9.2% of children are economically active. More than 90% of working children live in rural areas. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998) * The agricultural sector accounted for 88.6% of the child workers between the 5-14 age range, while for industry it was only 4.0% and 7.5% for the service sector. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998) * There are 616,023 working children in the 5-14 age group, or 15% of the children in this bracket. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998) * 284,529 children in the 5-14 age group are economically active, comprising 9.2% of the children in the age group. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998) * At least 600,000 children between the ages of 5-17 are in the work force. (EI, EI Quarterly Magazine, September 1997) * In 1995, there were 308,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.66% of this age group. Of these, 156,000 were girls and 152,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * More than half of Cambodia's estimated 5 million children under 16 worked. (ECPAT, "Child Labour Found to be on Rise in Cambodia", The Nation, 31 October 1996, reprinted in ECPAT Bulletin, October 1996) LOCAL STATISTICS * A high incidence of child labour is reported in some provinces. In the age bracket 5-14, Ratlanak Kini has 33%, Siem Reap has 20.2%, and Pursat 18.9%. For the 10-14 age group, Rattanak Kini 64.9%, Siem Reap 37%, Pursat 33.1%, Kampong Thom 17%, Banteay Meanchey 12.4%, Batlambang 10.3%. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998) Cameroon NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 430,000 economically active children,196,000 girls and 234,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.96% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * In 1995, there were 418,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.25% of this age group. Of these, 191,000 were girls and 227,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) LOCAL STATISTICS * The ILO estimates there are 602,000 child labourers. In the nation's major cities of Yaounde, Douala, and Bamenda, from March to April, the ILO estimated that 40% of employed children were female, 7% were less than 12 years of age, and 60% had dropped out of primary schools. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Child labour remains a serious problem, although the Government has made some progress to address it. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing an ILO study conducted in conjunction with local NGO's and the Ministry of Labour) Canada NATIONAL STATISTICS * For the year 2000, 1051700 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001) * For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) * 964,100 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999) * In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997) GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS * Child labour laws are enforced effectively.