Total Child Labour around the World: Global March Against Child Labour

Total Child Labour Around The World

Country Total Child Labour

Afghanistan NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects there will be 601,000 economically active children, 269,000 girls and 332,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.18% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 529,000 economically active children, 227,000 girls and 302,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.25% of this age group. (International Labour Organisation (ILO), International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children from the age of 6 often work to help support their families by herding animals in rural areas and by collecting paper and firewood, shining shoes, begging, or collecting scrap metal among street debris in the cities. Some of these practices expose children to the danger of landmines. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

Albania
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* The total number of child labourers are between 35,000-50,000. An additional 16,000 children dropped out of school in 1999-2000. (CRCA, e-mail to GMIS, 15 October 2000)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,000 economically active children, most of them boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.31% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 4,000 economically active children, approximately 1,000 girls and 2,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.11% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997, with numbers rounded to the nearest thousand)

Algeria
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 0% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 58,000 economically active children, most of them girls between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.63% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The minimum employment age is not enforced effectively in the agricultural or private sectors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Economic necessity compels many children to resort to informal employment, such as street vending. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Andorra -

Angola
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 431,000 economically active children, 211,000 girls and 220,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.08% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 364,000 economically active children,177,000 girls and 186,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.09% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Many younger children work on family farms, as domestic servants, and also in the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Antigua and Barbuda
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* There have been no reports of minimum age employment violations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Argentina
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* According to the ILO/IPEC, 6.47 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 14 work. Local NGO's note that the figure is imprecise and could be as high as 10 percent. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)

* For the year 2000, 275 children between 0-9 years, 12619 children between 10-14 years and 473493 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 80,000 economically active children, 60,000 girls and 20,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.40% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* The economically active population between the ages of 10-14 years are 214,238. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* Government census figures indicate that about 5% of children between the age of 6 and 14 are employed, most with older family members. Local NGOs note that the figure is imprecise and could be as high as 10%. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* A UNICEF report states that 252,000 children between the ages of 6 and 14 were employed: 183,500 in urban areas and 68,500 in rural areas, principally harvesting tea and tobacco. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000, citing UNICEF Report, 1997)

* In 1995, there were 149,000 economically active children, 65,000 girls and 84,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.53% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* In 1999 in the greater Buenos Aires area, 12,500 children age 14 and below were in the work force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)

* In 1999 in the greater Buenos Aires area, 12,500 children age 14 and below were in the work force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* 21% of the children who work in the city of Posada are between 6-9 years, 24% between 10-12 years and 55% between 13-14 years. Of these 57% are boys and 43% girls. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en Argentina, 1994)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children are employed in brick kilns, bakeries, in the agricultural sector and in other informal activities like newspaper vending and shoe polishing. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en Argentina, 1994)

Armenia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Australia
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 804100 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 759,200 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* Some 57,000 15-year-olds and 78,000 16-year-olds are legally employed nationally. (Phil Gardner, "Child labour: A growth industry of the 1990s", World Socialist Web Site, 21 November 1998)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* It is known that there is some child labour, particularly in agriculture and in family enterprises. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Austria
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 200800 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 199,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Azerbaijan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children between the ages of 14-15 are legally eligible to work with parental consent. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bahamas
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 9,885 teenagers between 15-19 years of age are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Some children work part-time in light industry and service jobs. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bahrain
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The minimum employment age is 14 years and is strictly observed in the organised industrial sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bangladesh
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Because of widespread poverty, many children begin to work at a very young age. The Government estimates that approximately 6.6 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 years work. Working children were found engaged in 200 different types of activities, of which 49 were regarded as harmful to children's physical and mental wellbeing. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 4,846,000 economically active children, 2,300,000 girls and 2,547,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.74% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Of the 34.5 million children between in 5-15 years, 6,584,000 are child workers i.e. 19.1% of the child population in that age group. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing ILO sponsored National Survey)

* Child labour in Bangladesh is about 30% of its total children. (BNWLA, Salma Ali, Country Report on Trafficking in Children and Their Exploitation in Prostitution, October 1998)
* The 1995 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics survey estimated that 46% of boys and 36% of girls between the ages of 10-14 were child labourers. (CWA, Tahmina Khatun, Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association, "Child Labour in the Commercial Sector", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 14 Nos. 1 & 2, January - August 1998)

* In 1995, there were 5,367,000 economically active children, 2,469,000 girls and 2,899,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 30.12% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* At the 1996 Third SAARC Ministerial Conference on Children, government statistics indicated the figure to be only around 6 million for all children aged 5-14. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997)

* Out of 31 million children between the ages of 5-14 years, 6.13 million were economically active, of which 1.9 million were between 5-9 years. Child workers represent about 12% of the total labour force of the country. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)

* Of the total children engaged in economic activity, 82.34% are males and 17.66% are females. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)
* There are about 6.3 million child workers between 5-14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996, citing Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 1996)
* Of the children engaged in economic activities 22.92% are sellers/vendors, 16.10 are factory workers, 5.72% brick stone breakers, 4.77% agricultural work, 2.27% are in crafts, 0.65% in fish processing and 0.44% are beggars. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)
* Out of approximately 35 million children (age group 6-14 years), around 13 million children between the ages of 6-10 and 8 million between the ages of 10-14, are employed in some type of work. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997, citing Peter Stalker, A Fork in the Path, 1994)
* There are 15 million child labourers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing ICFTU-APRO, Country Report in a Nutshell, October 1993)
LOCAL STATISTICS

* In the city of Dhaka there are about 300,000 child workers. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996, citing UNICEF, The Progress of Nations, 1995)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Because of widespread poverty, many children begin to work at a very young age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Children often work alongside other family members in small-scale and subsistence agriculture. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Rural children tend to work with their families, in agriculture, fishing, forestry, or small family enterprises. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997)
* Male child workers dominated all areas except the household and garment sectors. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)

Barbados
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 7,200 teenagers between 15-19 years of age are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1997, of the 20,100 teenagers between 15-19 years of age, 4,100 were employed. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Barbados, February 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* It is generally felt that the problem of child labour does not exist. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Barbados, February 1999)
* Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Belarus
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The law permits children to enroll for work with parental consent from the age of 14. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern that adequate measures are not being taken to protect children from exploitation through labour. (UN CRC, Comments on Belarus, 1994)

Belgium
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 67669 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 46,329 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There are no industries where significant child labour exists. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Belize
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.87% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 459 children under 14 years are employed. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)

* In 1995 there were 1,000 economically active children, most of them boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.38% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour exists in different forms and the problem has been accentuated due to recent waves of immigrants from neighbouring countries. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Belize, February 1999)

Benin
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 223,000 economically active children, 92,000 girls and 131,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.47% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 203,000 economically active children, 83,000 girls and 120,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.52% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children of both sexes, including those as young as 7, continue to work on rural family farms, in small businesses, on construction sites in urban areas, in public markets, and as domestic servants. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bhutan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 124,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 51.05% of this age group. Of these children, 389,000 are girls and 69,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 115,000 economically active children, 343,000 girls and 64,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 55.10% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Bolivia
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* A May 1999 study by the ILO estimated that approximately 70,000 children between the ages of 7 and 14 were working in cities, and that approximately 300,000 children in the same age group were working in rural areas. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO study, May 1999)

* For the year 2000, 248236 children between 10-14 years and 370506 between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 111,000 economically active children, 49,000 girls and 61,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 11.35% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* The economically active population between the ages of 10-14 years is 214,238. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* According to a study by the ILO, approximately 369,385 children between the ages of 7 and 14 work, 23% of that age group, in uncontrolled and sometimes unhealthy conditions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* 270,327 children between 10-14 and 381,013 between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 126,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.36% of this age group. Of these, 56,000 were girls and 69,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The results of the Inquiry (Encuesta nacional de empleo 1997) show that the majority of children economically active work in the commercial sector (32%), manufacturing sector (26%) and finally in private homes (17.3%). These activities are suitable to an urban area because the inquiry took place in the capital cities of the department. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* The results (Encuesta nacional de empleo 1997) show that child domestics work about 49 hours per week, whereas in the transportation and construction sector, they work 39 and 37 hours per week, respectively. The commercial sectors follow with (25 hrs/wk), then the agricultural sector (22 hrs/wk), community and personal services (21 hrs/wk), manufacturing sector (18 hrs /wk), and activities targeted to businesses (12 hrs/wk). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* Rural children often work with their parents from an early age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, 0.02% of the children between the ages of 10-14 were economically active. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children sometimes assisted their families with farm work and other odd jobs. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Botswana
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 30,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.39% of this age group. Of these children, 14,000 are girls and 15,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 37,000 or 11.7% of 0-14 year olds are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* In 1995, there were 32,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.92% of this age group. Of these children, 15,000 were girls and 17,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There is general agreement among the Labour Commissioner, officials of the Ministry of Local Government, Lands, and Housing, and UNICEF that the child labour problem is limited to young children in remote areas who work as cattle tenders, maids, or babysitters. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Child labour is limited to young children in remote areas who work as cattle tenders, maids, or babysitters. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Child labour is not perceived to be a significant problem, although research on the issue is limited. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Brazil
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* More than 2.9 million children under the age of 15 continued to work in 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 2,450,000 economically active children 886,000 girls and 1,563,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.43% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 2,885,676 children between 10-14 and 8,804,272 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* More than 2.9 million children aged 14 and under continue to work; 583,000 of whom are between the ages of 5 and 9. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* The document named "Child Labour in Brazil", presented by la Central Unica de las Trabajadores in the colloquium, indicates that children less than 10 years old who work (1.5 million) receive a half of the minimum wage and work on average 48 hrs per week (the maximum authorized by the federal constitution is 44 hrs per week). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* Official figures state that 3 million 10-14 year olds are employed, accounting for 4.6% of the work force. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

* More than 3.8 million children, between the age of 10-14 years, fail to get an education and must work. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 2,822,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.15% of this age group. Of these, 925,000 were girls and 1,897,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* According to government figures released in April 1999, the number of child labourers has decreased by over 26% since 1996. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimates that child workers between 11-14 make up 11.6% of Brazil's labour force. Of those, 3.5 million are under 14 years. (UNICEF, State of the World's Children, 1996, citing Washington Post, 18 November 1996)
* Workers between 10-17 years are 7.5 million, of which 2 million are under 14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1995)

* 7.5 million children between 10-17 years, work in Brazil, of which 2 million are under 14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1993)
* 2 million children or 14.3% of children between 10 and 13 years of age are working. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing IBGE, 1994)
* 47.4% of child workers in the 10-14 age group are paid workers. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996, citing Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics Indicadores Sociais, 1992)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* According to the most recent government figures released in November 1999 and confirmed by UNICEF, the number of children working has decreased steadily since 1993, while the number of children attending school has increased. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing government figures and UNICEF)
* The overall level of child labour remained roughly the same between 1998 and 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* According to government figures, the number of working children fell by nearly 24% between 1995 and 1999. The rate of participation in the work force of children from the ages of 5 to 14 dropped from 11 to 9%. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

Brunei Darussalam
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There were no reports of violations of the child labour laws. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Bulgaria
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* 6.4% of children between the ages of 5 and 17, or about 80,000 children, were involved in paid employment in the informal sector. Of these, 55% were between the ages of 15 and 17, while 45% were younger than 15 years old. These figures exclude children performing unpaid work within the household or on a family farm. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO-commissioned report on "Problems of Child Labour in the Conditions of Transition in Bulgaria")
* For the year 2000, 48500 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 15% of the children between the ages of 15-19 work. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* According to a survey conducted by the MLSP in 1998, more than 50,000 children under the age of 16 are believed to be employed illegally in the country. Dr. Zhelyasko Hristov, president of the CITUB labour union, estimated the total number of illegally employed children accounts at least twice that number. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Underage employment in the informal and agricultural sectors is believed to be increasing as collective farms are broken up and the private sector continues to grow. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* Children are known to work on family-owned tobacco farms, and local NGO's reported children working on non-family-owned farms for meagre monetary or in-kind wages. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* Reports of increasing child labour emerged during 1997. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* In 1993, 11% of the child population had dropped out of compulsory school education and it is probable that some of these children are working. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

Burkina Faso NATIONAL STATISTICS

* According to a pamphlet published by the Ministry of Labor in 2000, more than 50 percent of children work, largely as domestics or in the agricultural or mining sectors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 679,000 economically active children, 317,000 girls and 362,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 43.46% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 688,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 51.09% of this age group. Of these, 322,000 were girls and 366,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children are widely employed in family subsistence farms, in the traditional apprenticeship system and the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Burma (Myanmar) NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,228,000 economically active children, 534,000 girls and 694,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.94% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 1,236,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.51% of this age group. Of these, 538,000 were girls and 698,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Working children are highly visible in cities, mostly working for small or family enterprises, and in family agricultural activities in the countryside. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The legal minimum age for work is 13 years. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* According to UNICEF figures, of the 62% children not enrolled in primary schools, many work in agriculture with their parents. (Human Rights Watch/Asia, Burma: Children's Rights and the Rule of the Law, submission to the UN CRC, January 1997)

Burundi
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* The World Bank reported that approximately 48 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 14 years worked in 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 437,000 economically active children, 203,000 girls and 235,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 48.50% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 226,376 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* In 1995, there were 379,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 48.97% of this age group. Of these, 176,000 were girls and 203,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children under the age of 16 in rural areas do heavy manual labour in the daytime during the school year. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

Cambodia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 343,000 economically active children, 171,000 girls and 171,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 23.74% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* According to the government, about 17% of children between the age of 5 and 17 are economically active. The vast majority fall toward the upper end of the age range. 80% are engaged in agriculture. Few children are engaged in industrial activity. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* There are an estimated 600,000 working children. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Cambodia, 1998)
* 9.2% of children are economically active. More than 90% of working children live in rural areas. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* The agricultural sector accounted for 88.6% of the child workers between the 5-14 age range, while for industry it was only 4.0% and 7.5% for the service sector. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998)
* There are 616,023 working children in the 5-14 age group, or 15% of the children in this bracket. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998)

* 284,529 children in the 5-14 age group are economically active, comprising 9.2% of the children in the age group. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998)
* At least 600,000 children between the ages of 5-17 are in the work force. (EI, EI Quarterly Magazine, September 1997)
* In 1995, there were 308,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 24.66% of this age group. Of these, 156,000 were girls and 152,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* More than half of Cambodia's estimated 5 million children under 16 worked. (ECPAT, "Child Labour Found to be on Rise in Cambodia", The Nation, 31 October 1996, reprinted in ECPAT Bulletin, October 1996)
LOCAL STATISTICS

* A high incidence of child labour is reported in some provinces. In the age bracket 5-14, Ratlanak Kini has 33%, Siem Reap has 20.2%, and Pursat 18.9%. For the 10-14 age group, Rattanak Kini 64.9%, Siem Reap 37%, Pursat 33.1%, Kampong Thom 17%, Banteay Meanchey 12.4%, Batlambang 10.3%. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Cambodia, 1998)

Cameroon NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 430,000 economically active children,196,000 girls and 234,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.96% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 418,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.25% of this age group. Of these, 191,000 were girls and 227,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
LOCAL STATISTICS
* The ILO estimates there are 602,000 child labourers. In the nation's major cities of Yaounde, Douala, and Bamenda, from March to April, the ILO estimated that 40% of employed children were female, 7% were less than 12 years of age, and 60% had dropped out of primary schools. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour remains a serious problem, although the Government has made some progress to address it. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing an ILO study conducted in conjunction with local NGO's and the Ministry of Labour)

Canada
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, 1051700 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 964,100 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Cape Verde
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 7,000 economically active children, 3,000 girls and 4,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 13.55% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 7,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.20% of this age group. Of these, 3,000 were girls and 4,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* In practice, the Ministry of Justice and Labour enforces minimum age laws with limited success, and that only in the urban, formal sectors of the economy. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Central African Republic
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 128,000 economically active children 65,000 girls and 63,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 28.57% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 121,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 31.17% of this age group. Of these, 62,000 were girls and 60,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour is common in many sectors of the economy, especially in rural areas. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Chad
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 318,000 economically active children, 151,000 girls and 167,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 36.64% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 396,206 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 291,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 38.32% of this age group. Of these, 135,000 were girls and 156,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Abusive and exploitative child labour exists and affects an estimated 19% of children between the ages of 6 and 18 years of age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Children are rarely employed except in agriculture and herding due to the high unemployment rate. Some are noted in commercial sector also. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Chile
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 165320 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 185,930 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The economically active population in the age group of 12-14 years is 14,914. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* UNICEF estimated that approximately 107,000 children between the ages of 12 and 19 are in the work force. The Catholic Church's study estimated that some 50,000 children under age 15 are working. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* A government study estimated that 15,000 children between the ages of 6 and 11, and 32,000 children between the ages of 12 and 14 are in the work force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child labour is predominant in agriculture and fishing (37%) and in the commercial sector and restaurants (24%). The majority, i.e. 65.5%, work as labourers or employed dependents, 12.8% as self-employed and 10.8% as unpaid family workers. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* In 1996, around 15,000 children between the ages of 6-11 worked in Chile, 5,000 in regular labour and 10,000 on an occasional basis. They represented 0.9% of the population in their age group. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* In 1996, approximately 78,000 children between 15-17 years were incorporated in the labour force, i.e. 9.7% of this age group. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999, citing research carried out by CASEN)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

China
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 9,224,000 economically active children, 4,469,000 girls and 4,755,000 boy between the ages of 10-14, representing 7.86% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In some enterprises, official reports say, child workers make up as much as 20% of the work force. (Human Rights in China, "Unequal Opportunities", China Rights Forum, Spring 1996)
* In 1995, there were 11,575,000 economically active children, 5,661,000 girls and 5,914,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 11.55% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Assuming that 50% of children not in school are working, the number of child workers in 1993 can be estimated at 5 million. (Human Rights in China, "Unequal Opportunities", China Rights Forum, Spring 1996)
* It is estimated that 500,000 children migrated from rural areas to the southern coast of China and Guangdong Province in 1991 alone. Most of them are believed to be engaged in some kind of income-earning activities. If one takes into account the number of non-enrolled school-age children and drop-outs, the actual number of child workers in China is far above 500,000. (Human Rights in China, "Unequal Opportunities", China Rights Forum, Spring 1996)
LOCAL STATISTICS

* A recent survey in Guangdong, Shandong, Liaoling and Heibei found 1,217 child workers below 15 years of age, 75% of whom were girls. (CWA, Apo Leong, AMRC, "Child Labour in China", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 2, April - June 1994)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There are no reports of violations of child labour laws in the urban and industrial sectors, but in poorer, isolated areas child labour in agriculture is widespread. Rural teenagers, have been attracted increasingly to work in urban factories, since wages there are higher than can be obtained in agricultural areas. Also, some private enterprises, particularly coal mining, operate far from urban centres, making it difficult for law enforcement officials to ensure that child labour is not employed. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Although child labour is not institutionalised in certain industries in China as it is in many other developing Asian countries, it is a growing problem, reflecting the general lack of enforcement of labour laws and regulations. (Human Rights in China, "Unequal Opportunities", China Rights Forum, Spring 1996)
* The majority of children who leave school become part of the massive work force in both the countryside and the cities. (CWA, Apo Leong, AMRC, "Child Labour in China", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 2, April - June 1994)

China,
Hong Kong SAR
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 82,400 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* For the year 2000, 77800 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* In 1996, the Labour Department conducted 115,877 inspections of industrial work places and 33,892 inspections of non-industrial work places, and uncovered only 5 and 11 cases, respectively, of child employment. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

China,
Macau SAR
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 5600 children between 14-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 5,800 children between 14-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

China,
Taiwan -

Colombia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* A Catholic Church study conducted in 1999 reported that approximately 2.7 million children work, including approximately 700,000 children who work as coca pickers. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)
* For the year 2000, 255604 children between 12-17 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 250,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 6.02% of this age group. Of these, 119,000 are girls and 131,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 34,511 children between 10-14 years and 471,623 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The economically active population between the ages of 12-14 years is 367,796. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* Child employment rates are highest in rural areas of the central region where 33% of children between the ages of 12-13, work and 59% of children between 14-17 work full-time. (Christiaan Grootaert and Harry Anthony Patrinor, The Policy Analysis of Child Labour: A Comparative Study, 1999)
* 36,371 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* National Institute for Children (PAN) statistics estimate that 17% of children between the ages of 5-17 are involved in income producing activities, and 25,000 children work rather than attend school. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

* A 1997 study by Los Andes University notes that approximately 1.6 million children between the ages of 12-17 work. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 6.6% of children between 10-14 year are working. (ILO, Child Labour Today, June 1996)
* It was estimated in 1996 that approximately 1,050,000 children between 12 and 17 years of age worked, of which 762,000 were boys and 294,000 were girls. (Ninas, Ninos Y Jovenes Trabajadores Colombia, 1996)
* The number of working children between the ages of 12 and 17 is not known with any certainty. A government Census found that about 800,000 children work, other analysts have put the figure as high as 3 million, and a recent Colombian newspaper report put it even high as 4 million. (ICFTU, No Time to Play, 1996)

* In big cities, 85% of the child labourers are found in the informal sector. According to a 1992 data, child labour (14-17 years) in the formal sector rose to 15.5%. Girls are found more in numbers in the informal sector, especially domestic/service sector (55%), while 40% of the boys are in the commercial sector. In the urban areas it is mainly salaried work, 64% of the children between 12-13 years and 76% between 14-17 years are employed workers. In the rural areas, family work without remuneration represents almost half among children and nearly one-fourth among young workers. (ILO-IPEC Colombia, November 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* In the informal labour sector and in rural areas, child labour continues to be a problem, particularly in agriculture and mining. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed concern at the high rate of child labour, particularly in arduous and unhealthy occupations such as brick-making and mining. (UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties: Colombia, 1996)
* The rules on minimum age of employment are below international standards and even then are not enforced. (UN CRC, Comments on Colombia, 1995)

Comoros
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 35,000 economically active children, 16,000 girls and 18,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 37.56% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 32,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 39.25% of this age group. Of these, 15,000 were girls and 17,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Congo
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 96,000 economically active children, 45,000 girls and 51,000 boy between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.41% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 83,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.03% of this age group. Of these, 39,000 were girls and 44,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Congo, Dem. Rep.
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1922,000 economically active children, 905,000 girls and 1017,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 28.60% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 1,673,000 economically active children 786,000 girls and 887,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 29.56% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The employment of children of all ages is common in the informal sector and in subsistence agriculture, which are the dominant portions of the economy. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Cook Islands
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* 402 teenagers between the age of 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

Costa Rica NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 17246 children between 10-14 years and 141893 children between 15-19 were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 17,000 economically active children, 5,000 girls and 11,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.13% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 23,765 children between 10-14, and 144,357 between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The autonomous National Institute for Children, PANI, estimates, 19% of children between the ages of 5 and 17 are employed in domestic tasks, while 15% work outside the home. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* The Ministry of Labor reported that up to 147,000 children between 5 and 17 years of age are employed. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* According to the data of the module on child work of the 1998 Home & Multiple Purpose Survey (Encuesta de Hogares y Propósitos Múltiples), the number of children in Costa Rica from 12 to 14 years old who work is 36,328 and for adolescents the number is 80,325. (DNI, "La prevención y eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil y adolescente un reto para la democracia y el desarrollo humano." DNI- Costa Rica, 2001)

* The report on child work in Costa Rica (Patronato Nacional de la Infancia 1999) placed the child and adolescent work force, ages 5 to 17, at 147,087 - with a reference to July of 1998- which represents 15.4 % of the total of the children in this age range and 10.7% of the total economically active population of the country. (DNI, "La prevención y eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil y adolescente un reto para la democracia y el desarrollo humano." DNI- Costa Rica, 2001)

* The data derived from the inquiry performed by La Encuestra de Hogares in 1995 indicates that the total number of children in Costa Rica between the ages of 5-17 was 925,723 which is equivalent to 30 % of the total population. From this total, approximately 13% of them worked (121,683). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* According to estimates, 17% of the children between the age of 5 and 17 are paid labourers. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* 25,000 children of school-going age work rather than attend school. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 20,000 economically active children between the age of 10-14, representing 5.48% of this age group. Of these, 5,000 were girls and 15,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* A 1999 study by the percent of these children Census Bureau and Ministry of Labour estimated that 8.9% of the population between the ages of 5 and 14 are involved in the country's formal and informal workforce, and found that 70 are boys. However, the study also indicated that the number of minor children in the workforce has dropped steadily over the past 10 years. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* The principal types of activities in which children work are: commercial sector (41%) handicraft and industrial sector (19%), agricultural sector (17%) and services sector (14%). (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)
* Child labour remains an integral part of the informal economy, which employs a significant proportion of the labour force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Cote d'Ivoire
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 378,000 economically active children, 174,000 girls and 204,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 18.65% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 375,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 20.46% of this age group. Of these, 172,000 were girls and 203,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The Fraternite Matin newspaper reported in 2000 that the number of street children in the country was 200,000, of which 50,000 were in Abidjan. Some children are employed as domestics and are subject to sexual abuse, harassment, and other forms of mistreatment by their employers, according to the AIDF, the BICE, the Ministry of Family, Women, and Children's Affairs, and press reports. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001, March 2002)

* Children often work on family farms, and in the informal sector in cities. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Croatia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There is no reported pattern of abuse of child labour. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Cuba
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* According to the official statistics, 1,885 minors work (at the end of 1997) which represents only 0.04 % of those employed in the Cuban economy, 46% of these minors work in the agricultural sector, sugar industry and beef industry. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Cyprus
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 12691 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* In family-run shops, it is common to see younger children working after school, and according to press reports, children as young as 11-12 years old work in orchards during their school holidays in the Turkish Cyprus community. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Czech Republic
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* For the year 2000, 97200 children between 15-19 years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 183,200 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Denmark
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 218,481 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 53,443 of 0-15-year-olds in 1991, and 0 in 1997 were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed its concern about the problem of child labour. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Denmark, 1995)

Djibouti
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children may and do work in family-owned businesses, such as restaurants and small shops, at all hours. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Dominica
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Dominican Republic
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 122,000 economically active children, 20,000 girls and 102,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 13.22% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 97,661 children between 10-14 years, and 325,503 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* According to the World Bank, 13% of children between the ages of 7-14 do not attend class because they work outside the home or stay home doing house chores. Approximately 11% work and go to school at the same time, which means that for one-fourth of the population of minors it is impossible to continue the education they need to become more skilled. (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Country Report: Dominican Republic, 1999)
* The ILO estimated in August 1997 that 169,000 children between the ages of 7-14 held jobs. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* In 1995, there were 137,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.06% of this age group. Of these, 20,000 were girls and 117,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* According to the National Population Census of 1993, the economically active population between 10-14 years numbered 89,966, which represents 10.73% of this age group. Out of these, 33.5% were involved in agriculture, community, social and personal services, and 21.6% in the commercial sector, hotels and restaurants. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Tens of thousands of children begin working before the age of 14. Child labour takes place primarily in the informal economy, agriculture, small businesses, clandestine factories, and prostitution. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The county's nine Export Processing Zones are significant employers of underage workers, particularly young girls. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

East Timor
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 44,000 economically active children, 21,000 girls and 23,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 36.25% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 39,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 38.05% of this age group. Of these, 19,000 were girls and 21,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Ecuador
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* In 1999 almost 1 out of 2 children in the age bracket of 10 to 17 worked. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* A 1999 report based on a joint national and World Bank study found that 45% of children between the ages of 10 and 17 worked at least part-time. Among children aged 10 to 11, who cannot work legally, 28% worked at least part-time nation-wide. More than 60% of all children live in rural areas and do unpaid agricultural work for their families. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing World Bank study)

* 30% of children between the ages of 10-14 work. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 69,000 economically active children, 16,00 girls and 43,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.31% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 68,674 children between 10-14 years and 325,659 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The economically active population between the ages of 10-14 years is 420,663. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* 47,913 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* A 1997 UNICEF report estimated that 37% of the 2.1 million children between the ages of 10-17 worked. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 32.5% of 10-14-year-olds are economically active. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996)
* In the 10-11 age group, 38.3% of children in rural areas are economically active and 12.7% of children in urban areas. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996)
* There are an estimated 487,945 child workers. (ICFTU, No Time to Play, 1996, citing official census estimates)
* In 1995, there were 73,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 5.43% of this age group. Of these, 19,000 were girls and 53,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 63.5% of the working children between the ages of 12-14 years are unpaid family workers.
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour was not prohibited and hundreds of children could be seen working in the street and thus contributing to family income. (CEDAW, Sessional/Annual Report, 1994)

* Children aged 8-11 years were working 40 hours a week. (CEDAW, Sessional/Annual Report, 1994)

Egypt
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* In November 1999, the Minister of Social Affairs reportedly stated that 1 million children participate in agricultural labour, and NGO's estimate that up to 1.5 million children work. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing the Minister of Social Affairs)

* Ministry of Health statistics notes there are some 2 million child workers between 6 and 15 years. (Human Rights Watch, Country Reports, 2000)

* For the year 2000, ILO projects that there will be 752,000 economically active children between the age of 10-14, representing 9.25% of this age group. Of these children, 271,000 are girls and 481,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Nearly 78% of working children are in the agricultural sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 361,300 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* In 1995, there were 850,000 economically active children, 263,000 girls and 587,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 11.22% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* A comprehensive study prepared by the government's statistical agency in 1988 indicated that 1,309,000 children between the ages of 6 and 14 are employed. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Government estimates show, of the 10.9 million children between 6-14 years, 1,309,000 or 12% are child workers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)
* The 1988 Government Survey showed 1.4 million children between the ages of 6-14 work, which forms 7% of the total labour force. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
* In 1993, 16.5% of children in urban areas between the age of 6-14, and 40.4% of children in rural areas were found to be working. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996, citing NPC, Survey of Demography and Health, 1993)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There is extensive use of child labour in both rural and urban areas. (Human Rights Watch, Country Reports, 2000)

* Government studies also indicate that the concentration of working children is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Specific concern is expressed regarding the very large number of children between 6 and 14 years of age who are enrolled in the labour force and therefore lack, wholly or partly, the possibility to go to school. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Egypt, 1993)

El Salvador
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 95,000 economically active children, 19,000 girls and 76,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 13.71% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The Office of the Ombudsman for the Defense of Human Rights (PDDH) estimated that 270,000 minors work, mostly as street vendors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* 40% or 724,721 of the children between 10-14 years are economically active. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)

* In the urban area, of the children between the ages of 10-15 years, 47.8% work in the commercial sector, hotels and restaurants, 21.7% in manufacturing, 13.1% in construction, 13.1% in domestic services, and 4.3% in the education sector. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* According to the preliminary results of the inquiry ( La Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples 1997), the population from 10 to 15 years old is divided in these different branches of economic activity: agriculture (67%), hotel and restaurants (11.6%), manufacturing sector (7.6%), domestic services (5.8%) and others (8%). It is necessary to mention that these figures are for the national level. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

* In November 1998, a joint report of the Salvadoran Institute for the Protection of Children (ISPM) and UNICEF, based on nation-wide data collected in 1996, indicated that of the 1.8 million children between 5 and 17 years of age, roughly 6.6% or 118,800 worked without attending school, and 36,200 of these were under the age of 14. An additional 5.8% or 104,400 worked but also attended schools, of these 55,300 were under the age of 14. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* The Multi-purpose Household Survey of 1997 showed that children between 10-15 years performed the following activities: agriculture (67%), hotels and restaurants (11.6%), manufacturing industry (7.6%), domestic service (5.8%) and others . (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* In 1995, there were 99,000 economically active children between the age of 10-14, representing 15.17% of this age group. Of these, 19,000 were girls and 81,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 78,808 in 1992 and 68,202 in 1997. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* In 1992, 78,808 children were economically active, and in 1997, 68,202 children. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* With respect to gender, it mentions that within the agricultural sector (the principal branch of economic activities), males occupy 93 % of the employment whereas the girls only 7 % due to the nature of the activity. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)

Equatorial Guinea
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 18,000 economically active children, 7,000 girls and 11,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 32.00% of this age group. (ILO STAT, Working , 1997)

* In 1995, there were 16,000 economically active children, 6,000 girls and 10,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 33.90% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Underage youth perform family farm work. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Eritrea
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 183,000 economically active children, 90,000 girls and 93,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 38.42% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 150,000 economically active children, 74,000 girls and 76,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 39.62% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* It is common for rural children who do not attend classes to work on family farms, fetching firewood and water, and herding livestock among other activities. In urban areas, some children work as street vendors of cigarette newspapers, or chewing gum. Children also work as child-minders, traders, and domestic accountants and in small-scale manufacturing. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* It is common for rural children who do not attend classes to work on their family farms.

Estonia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 17,800 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* A significant proportion of children are exploited. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In practice child employment is widespread. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Ethiopia
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* There are approximately 200,000 street children in urban areas, of which 150,000 reside in Addis Ababa; however, the figures are difficult to estimate, and observers believe the problem is growing. These children beg, sometimes as part of a gang, or work in the informal sector in order to survive. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 3,375,000 economically active children, 1,632,000 girls and 1,743,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 41.10% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 3,928,758 children between 10-14 years and 4,147,961 between 15-17 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 2,847,000 economically active children, 1345,000 girls and 1,502,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 42.30% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* A research study published in 1999 reported that the prevalence of child abuse among urban child labourers is 70%, compared with 24.5% among non-economically active children from the same urban district. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 2001)

* A research study of child labour sponsored by CETU's National Federation of Farm, Plantation, Fishery, and Agro-industry Trade Unions and published in 1999 focused on rural locations. The study reported that 30% of the workers on state farms surveyed were between the ages of 7 and 14. Child workers, who worked alongside parents hired by the state, typically worked 6 days a week, received no benefits, and earned less than $10 (80 birr) a month. At one plantation, 75% of the children worked 12-hour days. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 2001 citing CETU's National Federation of Farm, Plantation, Fishery, and Agro-industry Trade Unions)

* Child labour is pervasive throughout the country, especially in the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Large numbers of children of all ages grow and harvest crops in the countryside, or work as street peddlers in the cities. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Fiji
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14 (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Estimates based on school attendance and dropout rates suggest that between 20,000 and 30,000 children are engaged in labour, mostly in the informal sector, in family businesses and on family farms. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour laws are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Finland
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 106,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

France
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* 5,000 boys and 3,000 girls were working on the streets in Paris alone in 1988. (Human Rights Watch)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Laws prohibiting child employment are enforced effectively. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child workers are not a significant phenomenon. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

Gabon
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 19,000 economically active children, 10,000 girls and 9,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.07% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 20,000 economically active children, 11,000 girls and 10,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 18.37% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* A significant number of children work in marketplaces or perform domestic duties. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Gambia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 49,000 economically active children, 24,000 girls and 25,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 33.83% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 20,085 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)

* In 1995, there were 45,000 economically active children, 22,000 girls and 23,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 36.99% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* In rural areas, most children assist their families in farm and housework. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Georgia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The Ministry of Labour enforces child labour laws, and generally they were respected. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Germany
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 1,434,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The legal working age is 15 years. Children of 13-14 years can work in farms or delivery. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Ghana
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* In August the Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare estimated that 800,000 children are working 800,000 countrywide. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 2001 citing Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 310,000 economically active children, 172,000 girls and 138,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 12.00% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 7.8% of 7-14-year-olds and 31.5% of 15-19-year-olds are economically active. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* 20% of child workers are under 10 years. (ILO, Child Labour: What Is To Be Done?, June 1996)
* In 1995, there were 295,000 economically active children, 166,000 girls and 129,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 13.27% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* An ILO survey conducted in three rural districts between 1992 and 1993 concluded that 11% of school children are employed for wages and another 15% without remuneration. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* In August the Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare estimated that 18,000 children are working in Accra. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 2001 citing Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* In practice, child employment is widespread, and young children of school-going age often perform menial tasks during the day in the market or collect fares on local buses. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Greece
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Official data indicates the main activities which children perform, include agriculture, where 18,528 worked, of which 1,745 were 14 years old, manufacturing, where 10,871 young people were employed, of which 836 were 14 years old, wholesale and retail trade employing 16,154 young workers, of which 512 were aged 14. Other important sectors were construction, hotels and restaurants. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* 4,316 in 1996 and 1,666 in 1997. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* Officially in 1996, there were 72,347 children aged 14-19 who were working. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The most common sectors where children are employed are agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, production of household goods, manufacturing, construction, hotels and restaurants. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* Findings of the NOW survey revealed the presence of child workers in different fields, and particularly in agriculture. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

Guatemala
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Some 2 million children toil at hard, dangerous and poorly paid jobs in Guatemala, the country with the second-highest rate of child exploitation in Latin America, behind Ecuador. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* 23% of the country's children between the ages of 10-14 worked in Guatemala. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* Agriculture is the most child-labour intensive industry, employing around 320,000 children, followed by manufacturing, with some 65,000 child labourers. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* Working children account for 17% of Guatemala's labour force. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 219,000 economically active children, 51,000 girls and 168,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.18% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The Association for Girls and Boys in Central America (PROVINCE) estimates that approximately 2 million children work. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 154,492 children between 10-14 years and 497,372 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* An ILO/UNICEF study notes there are approximately 900,000 children between 10-17 years employed in Guatemala. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)
* Estimates put the population of Guatemalan child labourers at over 200,000. ("Child Labour Continues in Guatemala", 13 December 1998)

* Of the 3.7 million children between the ages of 7-14 years, 152,000 are child workers (4.1%). (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing the study by the Secretary of Social Welfare of the Confederation of United Union of Guatemala, 1995)
* In 1995, there were 221,000 economically active children, 46,000 girls and 175,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 16.22% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* One million Guatemalan children, aged 7 and above are working. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing "Children Bear Brunt of Guatemalan Civil Strife", Notimex Mexican News Service, 8 June 1992)

* According to the 1994 census, there are some 130,802 child labourers between the ages of 10-14. (Casa Alianza, Ann Birch, "Guatemala's Brothels are Another Workplace", Child Labour News Service (CLNS), Global March International Secretariat, 1 November 1999)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* According to the ILO, child workers are found mainly in cities, particularly in the capital, and in Quetzaltenango in the west, Escuintla in the south and Puerto Barrios on the Caribbean coast. ("Two Million Children Work In Guatemala", EFE News Service, 16 September 2000, citing the report on childhood issued by the Guatemalan Archbishop's Human Rights Office)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child is seriously concerned that the majority of children of school age are not attending school, but are involved both in the informal and formal work sectors. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Guatemala, 1996)
* 65% of child labourers are linked with agriculture. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Central, 2-6 August 1993)

Guinea
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 309,000 economically active children, 146,000 girls and 163,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 31.09% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The Ministry of Planning estimated in 1997 that in rural areas, approximately 66% of children between the ages of 7-14 were employed, and 91% of the 15-19-year-olds. In urban areas, it was approximately 19% in the 7-14 age group and 50% between 15-19. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* In 1995, there were 311,000 economically active children,147,000 girls and 164,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 34.03% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour in factories is not a prevalent problem because of the low level of manufacturing. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Working children are found mostly in the informal sector in subsistence farming, petty commerce, and small-scale mining. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Guinea-Bissau
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 51,000 economically active children, 24,000 girls and 27,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 36.73% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 48,000 economically active children 22,000 girls and 25,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 38.56% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Guyana
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Guyana Labour Force Survey 1997-98 preliminary results indicate 34.8% of teenagers between 15-17 are in the labour force, i.e. out of 33,311 teenagers, 11,599 were in the labour force. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Guyana, February 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Guyana Household Income and Expenditure Survey 1992-1993 indicated that out of 52,203 teenagers between 15-17 years, 15,537 were in the labour force, i.e. approximately 29.8%. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Guyana, February 1999)
* Studies by UNICEF-CEDC, 1992, Women and Children in Guyana, 1993, and the World Bank: Strategies for reducing poverty, 1994, estimated that about 17,000 or one fifth of all children in the age group 10-14 years were engaged in some form of economic activity. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Guyana, February 1999)

* The Guyana Population and Housing Census, 1991, indicated that the labour force participation rate for children of 15-17 years of age was 21.3%. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Guyana, February 1999)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* According to UNICEF, child labour in the informal sector is a problem. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Haiti
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 214,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.78% of this age group. Of these children, 100,000 are girls and 114,000 are boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 214,000 economically active children, 99,000 girls and 115,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.30% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children under the age of 15 commonly worked at informal sector jobs to supplement family income. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Intense adult competition for jobs culminates in the absence of child labour in the industrial sector. Children under the age of 15 commonly work in the informal sector to supplement family income, despite the legal prohibition. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Honduras
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 58,000 economically active children, 14,000 girls and 44,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 7.14% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 12.5% of children between 10-14 years are child labourers. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* Child labour in Honduras is concentrated mainly in agriculture (45%), manufacturing industry (20%), commercial sector (15%) and service sector (11%). (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* 97,845 children between 10-14 years and 321,281 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* According to government sources, human rights groups and child rights organisations, an estimated 350,000 children are working illegally. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 105,103 children are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)

* In 1995 there were 62,000 economically active children 13,000 girls and 49,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 8.58% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Many children work on small family farms, or as street vendors, or in small workshops to supplement the family income. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 60% of child labourers are linked with agriculture. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Central, 2-6 August 1993)

Hungary
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 114,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 1,000 economically active children, most of them are girls between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.17% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
LOCAL STATISTICS

* A study in 1993 on 5,000 children aged 14-18 revealed that less than 1% under the age of 14 worked, 2% between 14 and 15, years and 3% of children aged 16 years. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The legal working age is 15. Regulatory measures are applied for working conditions of minors between 14 and 16 years. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Iceland
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The laws prohibiting employment of children is observed in practice. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Farming, fisheries and service sector are areas where there is a concentration of child work. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

India
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 13,157,000 economically active children, 5,992,000 girls and 7,165,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 12.07% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* The Law Minister said that the country has 20 million child labourers. ("Laws alone cannot tackle child labour", Indian Express, 5 February 2000)

* India's Country Report states that the number of working children was estimated to be 17 million. The present figure is estimated to be around 20 million. However, this is without including employment in the unorganised sector of the economy such as domestic workers, agricultural workers and so on. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999)

* Based on the number of non-school going children and families living in destitution, CACL estimates that there are between 70 to 80 million child labourers in India. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999)

* There are an estimated 111 million child labourers. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999, citing The Balal Data Bank, Manila, based on the premise that if half of India's over 800 million population lives in poverty, the number of working children in India is likely to be over 100 million)

* Unofficial child labour estimates are as high as 111 million, which is slightly equivalent to the number of 'out-of-school' children. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)

* Interpolation of census figures by the National Labour Institute indicates that out of 203 million children between the ages of 5 and 14, 116 million are in school, 12.6 million are in full-time employment, and the status of 74 million is unknown. Most, if not all, of the 87 million children, not in school, do housework, work on family farms, work alongside their parents as paid agricultural labourers, work as domestic servants, or are otherwise employed. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* There are 150 million child workers. (IWGCL, Working Children: Reconsidering the Debates, 1998)
* In 1998, the South Asian Coalition on Child Servitude (SACCS) estimated there were 60 million child labourers in India.(SACCS, Kailash Satyarthi, personal communication, 1998)

* The ILO estimated the number of child workers as 44 million, while some NGO estimates show it as 55 million. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* As many as 100 million boys and girls are believed to be working in homes and factories across India, many under conditions akin to slavery. ("Child Labour Ruling Provokes Scorn", ECPAT Bulletin, Vol. 4/1, 1996-97)
* A survey of child labour throughout the country ordered by the Supreme Court was completed during 1997, and it documented the existence of some 126,665 wage-earning child labourers. When this figure was challenged as patently low, the states conducted a second survey, in which an additional 428,305 child labourers in hazardous industries were found. However, even the combined total of the two surveys understates the true dimension of the problem. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Francoise Remington, founder of Forgotten Children, estimates India has 55 million child workers in the age group of 6-14 years. (Mary E. Williams, Child Labor And Sweat Shops, 1999, citing testimony before the US Sub-Committee on International Operations and Human Rights, 15 July 1996)
* There are around 77 million child labourers in the country. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999, citing Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade, Government of India, 1995, based on the families living below the poverty line)
* In 1995, there were 14,802,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 14.38% of this age group. Of these children, 6,725,000 were girls and 8,077,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The figures for child labour are 20 million. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999, citing the Indian Labour Minister, August 1994)
* The government-established Commission on Labour Standards found the number of child labourers in 1993 to be 25 million, and growing at 4% each year. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* The Government of India acknowledges 17.5 million working children, but other estimates note 44 million to over 100 million child workers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)

* There are 17 million child workers according to the 43rd NSS report. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1993)

* Total child labour is estimated to be between 17 to 44 million, of which 80% are in the agricultural sector. (ILO-IPEC, Implementation Report, 1992-1993)

* Of the 210 million children between the ages of 5-14 years, 11,285,000 are child workers (5.4%) according to the 1991 National Census. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)

* The government estimated in 1990 that there were 22 million child workers. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* 44 million children are estimated to be employed. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999, citing Operations Research Group, 1983)

* According to the Planning Commission, in 1983, there were 17.36 million child labourers. (CACL, "An Alternative Report on the Status of Child Labour in India", submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1999)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* Andhra Pradesh has 1.662,000 child labourers, the highest in the country, with the problem being very acute in Mahboobnagar, Kurnool and Prakasam districts. ("AP has highest number of child labourers", Press Trust of India, 12/9/2000)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Most of the 87 million children, not in school, do housework, work on family farms, work along side their parents as paid agricultural labour, work as domestic servants, or are employed in industries which utilise child labour such as hand-knotted carpets, gemstone polishing, brass and brass metal articles, glass and glassware, footwear, textiles, silk and fireworks. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Indonesia
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* The ILO estimated that between 6 and 8 million children worked during the year, and World Vision, an international NGO, estimated that there were 6.5 million children working in the country. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO and World Vision)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,685,000 economically active children, 729,000 girls and 955,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 7.82% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* According to the Department of Manpower, the number of working children increased after the economic downturn from approximately 2 million in 1997 to an estimated 2.5 million at mid-year. According to recent government statistics, 8% of all children between the ages of 10-14 work. Half go to school and also work, and half work exclusively. Unofficial estimates of working children are higher. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 8,368,985 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* According to data from Bureau of Statistics Centre in 1998, child labour between 10-14 years was estimated to be 1,809,955. (ILO-IPEC, Country Paper: Indonesia, September 1999)
* In 1998, child labour in the age group of 5-9 years was estimated to be 203,000. (ILO-IPEC, Country Paper: Indonesia, September 1999)
* According to government statistics, 2.08 million children between the ages of 10-14 work. Unofficial estimates of working children are much higher because documents verifying age are easily falsified and because children under 10 are not included. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* A survey conducted in 1996 by the Indonesian Child Welfare Association, found that 1.92 million children between the ages of 10-14 worked at least 4 hours a day, which represents 8.5% of all children. Of this number, 1.67 million worked in rural areas and 249,000 worked in urban areas. According to NGO estimates, boy workers outnumbered girl workers in the rural areas: 1.01 million were boys and 662,000 were girls. By contrast, girls outnumbered boys in the urban areas: 119,402 were boys and 130,000 were girls. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In 1995, there were 2,054,000 economically active children, 866,000 girls and 1,189,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 9.55% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Various sources give different figures ranging from 2 to 10 million child labourers. (ILO-IPEC Implementation Report, 1992-1995)
* The UN Commission on Human Rights in 1994 reported that there were 2.7 million working children aged 10-14. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing UN Rapporteur, Vitit Muntarbhorn, The Rights of the Child, 1994)
* There are 45 male child workers per 100 female child workers. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Indonesia, 1994)
* 75.3% of working children between the ages of 10-14 are in the agriculture sector. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Indonesia, 1994)
* Survey of working children in West Java said that there are 2.6 million child workers in Indonesia. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Indonesia, 1994, citing Central Bureau of Statistics Survey on Economically Active Children, October 1993)
* On a national level, statistics from the ILO estimate that the total number of children working throughout Indonesia is between 2.2-2.4 million. ("Factory Children in Indonesia", Child Workers in Asia, April-June 1993)
* According to the 1990 Population Census of Indonesia, the total number of 10-14 year old children in the work force is 2,236,940, which represents 10.42% of all children that age group. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour in Indonesia, 1994)
* According to the 1990 Population Census, 2.2 million children between the ages of 10-14 years were economically active, comprising 3% of the total labour force. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing UNICEF, Situation Analysis on Women and Children in Indonesia, 1993)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* A field work survey carried out by KOMPAK in Tangerang District, Jakarta in 1992 concludes that in the 1,200 factories located in the District there are over 50,000 working children, which accounts for 35% of the total labour force. KOMPAK found that there were a variety of factories employing children including makers of garments, electronics, glass and mosquito repellent as well as food and farm products. ("Factory Children in Indonesia", Child Workers in Asia, April-June 1993)

Iran
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 265,000 economically active children, 149,000 girls and 116,000 boys. between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.58% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 411,000 economically active children,190,000 girls and 220,000 boys. between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.71% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Iraq
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 66,000 economically active children, 26,000 girls and 40,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.23% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 74,000 economically active children, 29,000 girls and 46,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.94% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children reportedly are encouraged to work in order to support their families because of the country's harsh economic conditions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Ireland
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14 (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 94,000 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* A 1996 Labour Force Survey indicates that there are 61,700 teenagers between 15-19 years in the labour force. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There are no violation of child labour laws. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The legal age for full-time employment is 16. 13-14-year-olds are allowed to work part-time. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Many children work on farms. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* Children aged 11-18, mostly male children, are found working in the agricultural sector, and in home deliveries. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

Israel
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* 28,400 children between 15-17 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There is no reliable data on illegal child workers. They are concentrated among Israel's Arab population and its most recent Jewish immigrants. Illegal employment is found primarily in urban, light-industrial areas. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Children of the Israel Arab Drew and Bedouin minorities must work, as children have always worked in the past, to support themselves and their families. Children are to be found working in family businesses, market places and agriculture. Some work as street sellers, market vendors, labourers and shopkeepers for shepherds. Others work as light-industrial labour, for example as sewing machine operators in small hole-in-the-wall factories. (Fred J. Marks, "Child Workers in Israel", Child Workers in Asia, April-June 1994)

Italy
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* Estimates of the number of child labourers differ, ranging from 30,000 to 300,000 children (the most probable figure may be in the area of 50,000). Most of these cases involve immigrants, but instances involving Italian children also have been reported. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* According to a study by the CGIL trade union centre, the number of child workers is around 300,000 with 60% of the children working full-time, and 40% part-time or seasonally. About 20% work with their parents or other relatives. (ICFTU, Report for the WTO General Council, July 2000)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 9,000 economically active children, 4,000 girls and 6,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.33% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 739,000 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In some parts of the south 20 to 50% of children between the ages of 10-14 work part-time. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* There are between 3,000-4,000 child workers from China up to the age of 14 and there are half as many young persons between the ages of 15-18 who are working. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* According to the official data on working children gathered by the Regional Work Inspectorates for the years 1992-1993, the reported cases amounted to only 628 minors below the legal hiring age found working in businesses. These are considered by experts as gross underestimates. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* In 1995, there were 11,000 economically active children, 5,000 girls and 7,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.38% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Considered to have one of the highest populations of working children in southern Europe, it is estimated at 1.5 million children. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998, citing Anti-Slavery Society, Valcarenghi M., "Child Labour in Italy", 1989)

* According to estimates deduced from the relatively recent inquiry on families, carried out by, the National Institute for Statistics, 16,000 children were working full-time and 17,000 were engaged in seasonal work during December 1988 to May 1989. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* Illegal immigrant child labourers from Northern Africa, the Philippines, Albania, and especially China have entered in record numbers every year since 1989, and the influx from China is rising. According to the Carabinieri, an estimated 30,000 illegal Chinese work in sweatshop conditions near Florence, with many minor children working alongside the rest of their families to produce scarves, purses, and imitations of various brand name products. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* Many child workers are immigrants, from Northern Africa, the Philippines, Albania, and China. An estimate shows that 30,000 Chinese children work in sweatshop conditions near Florence. (ICFTU, Report for the WTO General Council, July 2000)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Southern Italy has a higher prevalence of child labour. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* Children work in the agricultural sector. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* The Mafia and Mafia-style organisations are increasingly involved in employing child labour in Italy. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed its concern that children belonging to the disadvantaged groups such as children from poor families and children of foreign and Roma (gypsy) origin seem more likely to be employed in clandestine work or even in illegal activities, including being an instrument in organised criminal activities. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Italy, 1995)

Jamaica
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 77,700 children between 14-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In December 1998, the Minister of Labor Welfare, and Sport reported that 23,000 children were engaged in child labour. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The Labour Force Survey of 1997 shows that the 14-17 age group accounted for 1% of the employed labour force. (ILO Caribbean Office, Country Profile: Jamaica, February 1999)
* In 1995, 0.11% of children between the ages of 10-14 were economically active. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* A 1994 report by UNICEF stated that 4.6% of children below the age of 16 worked to help support their households. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Ennew and Young in 1980 conducted a study on working children, and gave an estimated figure of 2,500 for the population of working children. (Jamaica Coalition on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, January 1995)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The Juvenile Act provides that children under the age of 12 shall not be employed except by parents or guardians, and that such employment may only be in domestic, agricultural, or horticultural work. Enforcement, however, is erratic. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed its concern that child labour continues to be a serious problem in Jamaica, particularly in rural areas and in the informal sector. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Jamaica, 1995)
* The State Party Report admits that the phenomenon of working and street children has been a disturbing one, in spite of the existence of legislation against child labour. (Jamaica Coalition on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, January 1995)

Japan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 1,410,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The legal minimum employment age is 15 and those under 18 may not be employed in dangerous or harmful jobs. No violations of child labour laws have been reported. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Jordan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 4,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.68% of this age group. Most of them were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 3% of males and less than 1% of females from 13-14 were economically active in 1991 (a highly underestimated figure). (ILO-IPEC, Amal Dibo, Child Labour in Few Countries of the Arab Region, 1999, citing Employment Survey)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Although the law prohibits most children under the age of 16 from working, child vendors work on the streets of Amman. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

Kazakhstan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 1,278 children between 10-14 years and 437,280 between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour is used routinely in agricultural areas, especially during the harvest season. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Kenya
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* It is estimated that about 60% of the workforce in plantations in the Central Province are children. ANPPCAN, a Kenyan non-governmental organisation focusing on child issues estimated that in 1999, about 3.5 million children aged between 6 and 14 years were child labourers and a significant majority was in agriculture. (IUF/ITGA/BAT - Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring, Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1647,000 economically active children, 782,000 girls and 865,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 39.17% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 3 million Kenyan minors are engaged in child labour, often working under hazardous conditions. (Philip Ngunjiri, "Child labour on the rise", IPS, 6 December 1998)
* Children below 10 years comprise 10% of the total child workers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing ILO, Targeting the Intolerable, 1996)
* Population and school enrolment figures estimate the number of child labourers in the 6-14 age group as above 3 million. (ILO-IPEC Implementation Report, 1992-1995)

* In 1995, there were 1,558,000 economically active children, 741,000 girls and 818,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 41.27% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There are many instances of children working in the informal sector, mostly in family businesses. A significant number of workers on coffee, sugar, and rice plantations are children, who usually work in family units. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* More child labour is in the informal sector, which is difficult to monitor and control. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Younger children are believed to comprise one fourth of all agricultural workers in Kenya. (UNICEF, State of the World's Children, 1997)

Kiribati
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The legal minimum age for employment is 14. Children through the age of 15 are prohibited from industrial employment and employment aboard ships. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Children are rarely employed outside the traditional economy of subsistence farming and fishing. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Korea, Dem. People's Republic
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* School children are assigned to factories or farms for short periods to help meet production goals. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Korea, Rep.
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 411,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The Labour Standard laws of the country prohibit the employment of persons under the age of 15 without a special employment certificate from the Labour Ministry. There are no reported cases of violations of child labour laws. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Kosovo
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* It is not unusual to find younger children at work assisting their families. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Kuwait
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Kyrgyzstan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour is becoming more widespread both in towns and rural areas. Since many children are "self-employed" selling newspapers, carrying handcarts at markets, selling cigarettes and candy on the streets, etc. or work for their families, it is very difficult for the Government to determine if their work schedule and environment conform to government regulations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Children in rural areas commonly are called upon to pick crops as needed on their family farms. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Laos
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 178,000 economically active children, 91,000 girls and 87,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.36% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 159,000 economically active children, 81,000 girls and 78,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 27.20% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Many children help their families on farms or in shops. Such employment of children is common in urban shops, but rare in industrial enterprises. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Latvia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997).
* 29,600 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The statutory minimum age for the employment of children is 15 years, although children between the ages of 13 and 15 years may work in certain jobs outside of school hours. State authorities are lax in their enforcement of child labour and school attendance laws. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Lebanon
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Children between the ages of 10-14 constitute 0.6% of the labour force, 5,936 children in total, according to the latest official figures. Most of these child labourers are Lebanese, but some are Syrian. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* According to a UNICEF study, 60% of working children are below 13 years of age and 75% earn wages below two-thirds of the minimum wage. Nearly 40% of working children work 10 to 14 hours per day, and few receive social welfare benefits. In addition, approximately 52,000 children between the ages of 15-19 are in the active labour force. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 11,430 children between 10-14 and 94,785 between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* 52,185 teenagers between 15-19 of age years work without minimum wages. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* Working children between 10-14 years of age constitute 1.87% of the total number of children in this specific age group. (ILO-IPEC, Amal Dibo, Child Labour in Few Countries of the Arab Region, 1999, citing ILO-IPEC/Lebanon Ministry of Labour, National Child Labour in Lebanon, 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Poor children often are compelled by their parents to seek employment, and often take jobs that put their safety at risk, in industries such as car mechanic shops, and carpentry. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Lesotho
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 57,000 economically active children, 19,000 girls and 38,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 20.73% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 56,000 economically active children, 19,000 girls and 37,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.11% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Many children start working at a relatively young age. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Liberia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 63,000 economically active children, 30,000 girls and 33,000 boys. Between the ages of 10-14, representing 15.39% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 52,000 economically active children, 25,000 girls and 27,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 18.62% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child advocacy and human rights groups reported child labour, but the government denied that it existed. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Libya
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 2,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.25% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Liechtenstein
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The legal working age is 16. Light duties are allowed for minors under restrictions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Lithuania
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 52,200 people between 14-19 years of age are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The legal minimum working age is 16. Children from 14 years can also work with written parental permission. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Available evidence suggests that child labour in general is rare. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Luxembourg
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14 (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 2,191 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

Madagascar
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 791,000 economically active children, 383,000 girls and 408,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 34.07% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Child labour continues to be a pervasive problem. Nearly 1 in 3 children aged 7-14 works. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In 1995, there were 688,000 economically active children, 334,000 girls and 354,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 35.83% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* In the large agriculture sector, young children work with parents on family farms. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed its concern that child labour continues to be a serious problem in Madagascar. (UN CRC, Concluding observations on Madagascar, 1994)

Malawi
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 445,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 31.49% of this age group, 216,000 girls and 229,000 boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 428,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 35.18% of this age group. Of these, 208,000 were girls and 220,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* The labour force participation rate of children aged 10-14 is estimated at 53%. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour In Commercial Agriculture In Malawi, 27-30 August 1996, citing National Statistical Office Labour Force Survey, 1983)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* While accurate systematic data is lacking, some work has been done indicating that child labour in Malawi is widespread and increasing. Child labour is found in several sectors including large commercial farms, small holdings, domestic work, micro industries and the informal sector. (IUF/ITGA/BAT - Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring, Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)

* There is significant child labour on tobacco and tea farms, subsistence farms, and in domestic service.(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Malaysia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 60,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.33% of this age group, 28,000 girls and 33,000 boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 603,400 teenagers between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The Malaysian Census Report estimated there were 40,000 child workers in 1990. Current estimates range from 70,000 to 200,000. (B. Sinniah, Working Children in the Commercial Sector in Malaysia)
* In 1995, there were 75,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 3.16% of this age group. Of these, 33,000 were girls and 42,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* A 1993 joint report by ICFTU and ICFTU-APRO estimated the child work force at 75,000. However, government officials maintain that this figure is outdated, since it was based on a nationwide survey of child labour undertaken in 1980, which estimated that more than 73,400 children between the ages of 10-14 were employed full-time. There is no reliable recent estimate of the number of child workers. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Most child labourers work on agricultural estates, but there are indications that some are being employed in small factories. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Government officials do not deny the existence of child labour but maintain that foreign workers have largely replaced child labourers, and that the government vigorously enforces child labour provisions. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Maldives
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 3.81% of this age group, 1,000 girls and 70,000 boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 2,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 5.73% of this age group. Of these, 1,000 were girls and 60,000 were boys. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There are no reports of children being employed in the small industrial sector, although children work in family fishing, agricultural, and commercial activities. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Mali
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 820,000 economically active children, 393,000 girls and 427,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 51.13% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 729,000 economically active children, 350,000 girls and 379,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 54.53% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children work in rural areas, helping family farms and herds, and also as street vendors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child labour predominates in the agricultural sector, and to a lesser degree in crafts and trades, apprenticeships and cottage industries. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Child labour is widespread, above all in the informal sector of the Malian economy. (UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Concluding observations on Mali, 1994)

Malta
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 10,165 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, 0.04% of children between the ages of 10-14, were economically active. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The law prohibits the employment of children younger than the age of 16. This injunction is generally respected, but some underage children are employed during summer months, especially as domestics, kitchen helps in restaurants, or as vendors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Marshall Islands
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children typically are not employed in the wage economy, but some assist their families in fishing, agriculture, and other small-scale domestic enterprises. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The law does not prohibit child labour, but such practices are not known to occur. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Mauritania
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 68,000 economically active children, 34,000 girls and 34,000 boys. Between the ages of 10-14, representing 22.10% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 71,000 economically active children, 35,000 girls and 36,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 23.97% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* There is no child labour in the modern industrial sector, but children perform a significant amount of labour in the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Young children in the countryside commonly pursue herding, cultivation, fishing, and other significant labour in support of their families' activities. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Mauritius
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 2,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.00% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* According to the Ministry of Women, Family, and Child Development, 2,000 children between the ages of 12 and 14 were employed or looking for work in 1998. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

* In 1995, there were 3,000 economically active children, 1,000 girls and 2,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 3.00% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In an ILO report listing the percentage of economically active children aged between 10-14 in 28 African countries, Mauritius had by far the lowest level with just 3%. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child labour in homes, on farms, and in shops is common on the relatively isolated island of Rodrigues. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child labour, with 26.4% of the primary school dropouts entering the informal sector, is an acute problem. (Save the Children-Mauritius and Association des Juristes Mauriciens, A Child in need is a friend of mine, submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1996)

Mexico
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Some 5 million children and teenagers in Mexico work for 5 to 8 dollars a day. ("Over 5 Million Child Labourers in Mexico", Xinhua: Comtex, 14 September 2000, citing National System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), "Prevention, Attention, Discouragement and Eradication of Childhood Labor")
* 64% of working children are working in the farming, fishing and service sectors. ("Over 5 Million Child Laborers in Mexico", Xinhua: Comtex, 14 September 2000. citing National System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), "Prevention, Attention, Discouragement and Eradication of Childhood Labor")

* 8 out of every 10 kids begin working before they are 14 years. ("Over 5 Million Child Laborers in Mexico", Xinhua: Comtex, 14 September 2000. citing National System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), "Prevention, Attention, Discouragement and Eradication of Childhood Labor")
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 517,000 economically active children, 182,000 girls and 336,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.88% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 1,263,478 children between 10-14 years and 4,609,967 between the ages of 15-19 are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The Director of the National Education Council reported in August 1998 that 1.7 million school-aged children were not in school because their poverty obligated them to work. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In 1998, the Mexican Social Security Institute affiliated with 11.1 million workers, 29,075 of whom were aged under 15 years old, and 1.4 million between 15-19, showing the increasing participation of children in the formal work force in Mexico. (Pilar Franco, "Latin America: Millions of Minors in Virtual Slavery", IPS, 19 February 1999)
* The ILO reported 18% of children between 12-14 years of age work, often for parents and relatives. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* 2.8 million children are working. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)
* In 1995, there were 699,000 economically active children, 246,000 girls and 453,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 6.73% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 11 million children are working. (UNICEF, The Progress of Nations, 1995)

* 8-11 million children under the age of 15 years are working in Mexico. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1993)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* About 28% of child labourers work in northern Mexico, where they are engaged in agricultural work. ("Over 5 Million Child Laborers in Mexico", Xinhua: Comtex, 14 September 2000, citing National System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), "Prevention, Attention, Discouragement and Eradication of Childhood Labor")

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The problem of child labour is particularly pronounced among migrant farming families. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Micronesia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 3,000 economically active children, 1,000 girls and 1,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 4.52% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 3,000 economically active children, 2,000 girls and 2,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 5.93% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children assist their families in subsistence farming activities. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* There is no law establishing a minimum age for employment, but child labour is not known to occur. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Moldova
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour is not used in industry, although children living in rural areas often assist in the agricultural sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Monaco -

Mongolia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 5,000 economically active children, 2,000 girls and 3,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.35% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 1,695 children between the ages of 0-14 and 91,841 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* It is estimated that there are only about 5,000 children involved in regular labour activities, most of them in the informal sector. (ILO-IPEC, Country Paper: Mongolia, September 1999)

* In 1995 there were 6,000 economically active children, 2,000 girls and 3,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 1.90% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The minimum age for employment is 16 years, but children between 14-16 years can work with parental consent. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Abuse of the child labour laws is common. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Morocco
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 20,000 economically active children, 17,000 girls and 3,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.64% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 69,292 children between 0-14 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 172,000 economically active children, 127,000 girls and 45,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 5.61% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 14% of 10-14 year olds are found working. (FNV, Eliminating Child Labour, 1995)
* More than 538,000 children in Morocco are working and more than half of them are girls, a survey has revealed, according to new figures published by the Moroccan Government. ("Child Labour Rife in Morocco")

Mozambique
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 791,000 economically active children, 328,000 girls and 462,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 32.41% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 710,000 economically active children, 291,000 girls and 420,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 33.80% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children work in seasonal harvests or commercial plantations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Children, including those under age 15, commonly work on family farms or in the urban informal sector. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Namibia
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 37,000 economically active children, 15,000 girls and 22,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 17.37% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 37,216 teenagers between the ages of 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 40,000 economically active children, 16,000 girls and 25,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 21.68% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* The 1991 census, which reported on the status of children, estimated that 13,800 children under 15 years of age were in the labour force. Of this total, 41% were working as unpaid labourers on family and commercial farms. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children below the age of 14 often work on family and commercial farms and in the informal sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)

Nauru
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Some children under the age of 17 years work in the few small, family-owned businesses. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The law sets 17 as the minimum age for employment. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Nepal
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Statistics shows that of about 7 million children between 5-14 years old working in Nepal, about 3 million are found to be regularly working and 1.7 million children are found to be economically active. ("Nepal, ILO Sign Agreement to Eliminate Child Labor", Xinhua: Comtex, 8/9/2000)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 1,277,000 economically active children, 553,000 girls and 724,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 42.07% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Almost two fifths children of school-going age are economically active. (ILO-IPEC, Child Bonded Labour: Nepal, September 1999)
* The number of child labourers is estimated at around 2,060,000 where about, 94.7% are involved in agriculture and household work and the remaining 5% are engaged in service and manufacturing industries. For every 100 children in the 6-14 years age group, 4-5 are engaged in paid work. (ILO-IPEC, Country Paper: Nepal, September 1999)
* CWCD in 1998 found that 71% of rural, 52% of urban and 63% of Kamaiya children are economically active. (National Plan of Action Against Child Bonded Labour, Nepal)
* According to the ILO-sponsored national survey, of the 6.2 million children between the ages of 5-14 years, 2,596,000 are child workers, which forms 41.7% of this age group. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998)
* Of 2.59 million working children, 278,000 or 4.5% of all Nepali children are in paid work and 1.38 million or 22.2% of all children are in unpaid work. (Central Department of Population Studies of Tribhuvan University and ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Nepal, October 1998)
* Of all children aged 10-14 years, about 40.8% are economically active. The corresponding figure for the 5-9 age group is 12.5%. (Central Department of Population Studies and ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Nepal, October 1998)
* About 1.7 million children in Nepal are estimated to be involved in economic activities. (Central Department of Population Studies and ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Nepal, October 1998)
* About 70% of the economically active children are between 10-14 years old. (Central Department of Population Studies and ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Nepal, October 1998)
* About 95% (1.58 million) of the economically active children in rural areas perform agriculture related work, in comparison to 78.5% in urban areas. Some 1.6% (27,000) of economically active children work as service workers. 5.3% (87,000) are involved in non-agricultural work. 1.6% (26,000) are in construction, transportation and communication. Children who work as general technical workers constitute 0.8% (14,000). Another 0.8% work as production workers and 0.4% as sales workers. (Central Department of Population Studies and ILO-IPEC, Child Labour Situation in Nepal, October 1998)
* According to Tribhuvan University estimates there were 261,000 children working for wages in Nepal in 1997. (ILO-IPEC, Child Bonded Labour: Nepal, September 1999)
* According to recent statistics availed by CBS (1996), of total wage earners in the country, about 4% belong to the 10-14 age group. (National Plan of Action Against Child Bonded Labour, Nepal)
* Of Nepal's 2,596,000 working children between the ages of 5-14 years, 2,407,000 are non-migrant and 162,000 are migrant. (ILO-SIMPOC, Migration of Working Children in Nepal, December 1997, citing Report from Migration and Employment Survey, 1995-1996)
* It is estimated that migrant child labourers, those who moved due to economic reasons and those who moved due to non-economic reasons but were working in economic activities before and after migration, number about 120,000, of which 68,000 were boys and 51,000 girls. Of the total children aged 5-17 years, migrant child labourers constituted 1.58%. The corresponding proportions for male and female are 1.77 and 1.39% respectively. (ILO-SIMPOC, Migration of Working Children in Nepal, December 1997, citing Report from Migration and Employment Survey, 1995-1996)
* Rural areas overwhelmingly dominate urban areas in terms of migrations of child labourers who move for economic reasons. Of the 80,000 migrant child labourers who migrated for economic reasons, 76,000 (1.12% of all children) moved from rural areas and 3,000 (0.048% of all children) moved from urban areas. (ILO-SIMPOC, Migration of Working Children in Nepal, December 1997, citing Report from Migration and Employment Survey, 1995-1996)
* In 1995, there were 1,200,000 economically active children, 521,000 girls and 678,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 45.21% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* Based on the 1991 Census, there were 531,835 economically active children between 10-14 years of age, or 22.85% of the total age group. (ILO-IPEC, Country Report: Nepal, October 1998, citing the 1991 Census)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* According to a study by CWIN, about 62,000 children are working in urban areas among whom 20,000 are in Kathmandu Valley. 50% of these child workers are below 14 years. (ILO-IPEC, Country Paper: Nepal, September 1999)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Up to half of all children work, mostly in agriculture. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* 473,492 children between 10-14 years working in the agricultural sector. (ILO-IPEC, Trafficking in Children and their Exploitation in Prostitution in Nepal)

Netherlands
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 512,000 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, 0.02% of children between the ages of 10-14 years were economically active. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

New Zealand
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14 years. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 146,400 teenagers between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* The legal minimum age for employment is 15 years. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Traditionally children under 12 years of age have been employed delivering newspapers and milk before and after school, in family shops, on family farms, and in horticulture harvesting. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* The government report ignores the possibility of full-time employment of children after school and on weekends. (Action for Children in Aotearoa, 1996, submission to the UN CRC, January 1997)

Nicaragua
NATIONAL STATISTICS

* The latest official figures estimate that approximately 161,000 children between 10 and 19 are employed while CENIDH estimates that there are approximately 322,000 working children. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* Over 140,000 children are employed in rural areas at coffee, tobacco, rice, and banana plantations. In Managua over 6,000 children work on city streets, selling merchandise, cleaning automobile windows, or begging. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)

* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 70,000 economically active children, 15,000 girls and 55,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 12.00% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* 71,320 children between 10-14 and 226,150 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The percentage of participation of children in the labour market runs at 7.4% for boys and at 5.25% for girls. (Second Report of the Civil Society on the Rights of Children in Nicaragua, submission to the UN CRC, May-June 1999)
* 65,860 children were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1998)
* Over 160,000 children under 17 years of age work, 14,000 of them in the rural agrarian sector. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* 20% of children between 6-9 years of age work. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* About 100,000 children below 14 years are illegally employed. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

* Out of the 0.6 million children between the ages of 10-14 years, 9.9% or 60,000 are child workers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing government estimates)
* Out of the 803,255 children between the ages of 10-19 years, 20% i.e. 160,686 are employed. Of these, 28% are between 10-14 years and 72% between 15-19 years. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina, CD-ROM, August 1999, citing Ministry of Labour, Rural and Urban Household Survey, 1996)

* According to the available data and the projections of polls of both urban and rural homes in 1996, it is presumed that in the entire country more than 300,000 girls, boys and adolescents are carrying out different types of labour. (Second Report of the Civil Society on the Rights of Children in Nicaragua, submission to the UN CRC, May-June 1999)

* In 1995, there were 79,000 economically active children, 17,000 girls and 62,000 boys between the ages of 10-14 years, representing 14.01% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* Child labour in the urban sector constitutes 32% of the total child labour and is basically in the informal sector of the economy. There are 15,841 urban child workers between 10-14 years of age. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil en America Latina, CD-ROM, August 1999)

Niger
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 597,000 economically active children, 238,000 girls and 281,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 43.57% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 518,000 economically active children, 238,000 girls and 281,000 boys between the ages of 10-14 years, representing 45.17% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Child labour is practically non-existent in the formal sector, although children work in the unregulated agricultural, commercial, and artisan sectors. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)

Nigeria
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 3,859,000 economically active children, 1,262,000 girls and 2,597,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 23.91% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* In 1995, there were 3,546,000 economically active children, 1,094,000 girls and 2,452,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 25.75% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* There are an estimated 12 million child labourers. (UNICEF, The Progress of Nations, 1995)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children particularly girls are withdrawn from schools into early marriages and into extensive child labour such as street trading and the like. (Child Welfare League of Nigeria, Alternative Report on the Implementation of CRC, submission to the UN CRC, September-October 1996)

Niue
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Niue has no cases of child labour. (Niue External Affairs, Felicia Nemaia, e-mail to GMIS, 17 November 2000)

Norway
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 104,000 teenagers between 16-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)

* In 1995, there were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* The law of the country allows children between the ages of 13-18 to take up light work in certain conditions. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Agriculture and fishing provide occasional work for many children. (EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)

Oman
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14 years. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

* In 1995, there were 1,000 economically active children, most of them boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 0.51% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)

GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* Children between the ages of 13-16 years are permitted to work under restrictions. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Child labour is high in small farms and family businesses. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)

Pakistan
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 2,993,000 economically active children, 1,158,000 girls and 1,835,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 15.39% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* There are an estimated 10 million child labourers. (SPARC, The State of Child Labour in South Asia, December 1999, citing Government of Pakistan/UNICEF, Discover the Working Child)
* 2,065,000 children between 10-14 years and 4,319,000 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* There are estimated to be 15 million child labourers in Pakistan. In areas such as Tharparkar, 60% to 70% of all children of 15-17 years work. 20% to 25% is normal in the cities. (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, The State of Human Rights in Pakistan in 1999, Lahore)
* The Child Labour Survey in 1996 conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics for the Ministry of Labour, Manpower and Overseas Pakistanis, found 8.3% or 3.3 million of the 40 million children aged 5-14 years to be economically active practically on a full-time basis. These figures are considered to be under-estimated. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)
* 3,215,344 children are economically active, of which 2,374,830 are males, 840,514 are females. (ILO-IPEC, Combating Trafficking in Children for Labour Exploitation in the Mekong Sub-region, October 1998, citing Pakistan Federal Bureau of Statistics, Child Labour Survey, 1996)
* Of the total child population, 8.06% are economically active, of these 11.53% are boys and 4.36% are girls. (ILO-IPEC, Combating Trafficking in Children for Labour Exploitation in the Mekong Sub-region, October 1998)
* Of the 3.3 million working children, 73% are boys and 27% are girls. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)
* 18% of 10-14 year olds are found working. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour: ILO in Asia and Pacific, 1997)
* Over 3,000 children enter the labour market each month. ("Pakistan: The Predicament of Tens of Thousands of Bonded Labourers", UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1996)
* 11-12 million child labour were estimated in 1995, with at least half under the age of 10 years. (Mir Zulfiqar Ali, "Asian Economic Crisis: The Case of Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, citing Pakistan Human Rights Commission estimates)
* In 1995, there were 2,835,000 economically active children, 1,030,000 girls and 1,805,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 17.67% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* There are an estimated 6 million working children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
* One third of the work force is comprised of children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing CBS news segment "Eye to Eye with Comy Chung", 1995)
* There are 19 million working children, 7 million below the age of 10 and 12 million between the ages of 10-14. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, "Why children do not go to school in Pakistan", 2-5 April 1994)
* It is estimated that there are some 10 million children under the age of 14 currently in employment in Pakistan, and this is thought to be a conservative estimate. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
* There are 2 million child workers in the age group 10-14 years. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Pakistan Labour Force Survey, 1990-91)

* The number of child workers under 15 years are estimated to be not less than 8 million. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing a 1991 UNICEF and Government of Pakistan publication)

* There are an estimated 8 million child labourers and one quarter are under the age of 10 years. (Mir Zulfiqar Ali, "Asian Economic Crisis: The Case of Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, citing UNICEF estimates)

* Pakistan Labour Force survey 1990-91 indicates that some 2 million children between 10-14 years are still active in the labour force. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing ICFTU, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)

* In 1990, there were 3.3 million child labourers, with 71% in unskilled occupations related to agriculture, sales, mining, construction, manufacturing and transport, 19% in traditional crafts and 9% in services, shops. (Mir Zulfiqar Ali, "Asian Economic Crisis: The Case of Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, citing Federal Bureau of Statistics Survey estimates)

LOCAL STATISTICS

* The Punjab accounts for 60% of the total child labour. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

* More than two-thirds of child labourers are working in the agricultural sector. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)