| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
*
Children, perhaps more than 1 million children nation-wide, work on family
farms. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
*NGO's report that 2 - 4% of children between the ages of 6 and
14 work in urban employment and are at risk of labour abuse. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* For the year 2000,
the ILO projects that there will be 161,000 economically active children,
81,000 girls and 80,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 26.82%
of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 12.7% of 10-14 year
olds work. (FNV, Eliminating Child Labour,
1995)
* In 1995, there were
146,000 economically active children, 74,000 girls and 72,000 boys between
the ages of 10-14, representing 28.60% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Most underage workers in urban areas work in the service sector,
primarily at gasoline stations and restaurants. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000,
February 2001)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Togolese citizens are trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Nigeria, the
Middle East (specifically Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), and Europe (primarily
France and Germany) for indentured or domestic servitude, farm labour,
and sexual exploitation. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
Trokosi slavery extends out of Ghana and into remote regions of Benin and
Togo. (American Anti-Slavery Group, Jesse
Sage, e-mail to GMIS, 6 November 2000)
* Children are sometimes
subjected to forced labour, primarily as domestic servants.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Credible sources
confirm that international trafficking rings operating in the country sell
children to other African countries, the Middle East or Asia, into various
forms of indentured and exploitative servitude. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* According
to the Government, in early March, approximately 700 children drowned
in two separate incidents, when the boats trafficking them from
Nigeria to Gabon capsized. At least half of the children were Togolese;
five Togolese children survived and were repatriated. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001,
March 2002)
* It is estimated
that more than 100 girls mostly between ages of 10 and 15 are smuggled
from Nigeria via Togo to Europe. (Paul
Ohia, "Human Smugglers Arrested in Togo", African News Services,
10 July 2000, reprinted in Stop Trafficking Archive, July 2000)
* 500 children
are trafficked from Togo to Ghana. (Childline)
* For the single month
of January 1998, a total number of 199 Togolese were brought back and returned
to their legitimate parents. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Child Peddling Serious Problem in Togo and Benin", All
Africa News Agency, 23 March 1998)
*
Local NGOs estimate that more than 700 children of both sexes were recaptured
on the Benin- Togo borders and the Benin-Nigerian borders during 1997 and
returned afterwards to their families. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Child Peddling Serious Problem in Togo and Benin", All
Africa News Agency, 23 March 1998)
ADULT STATISTICS
*
Reportedly as many as 8,000 women were trafficked from Russia, Ukraine,
and other former Soviet Republics for work in the sex industry in
the country by year's end. This figure represents a substantial
increase from 1999. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Young girls from Nigeria, Benin and Ghana are also trafficked to
Togo for commercial sex work. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* According to the Department for the Promotion and Protection
of the Family and Child, there is a growing number of young Filipino
girls who, according to unconfirmed reports are being brought into
the country for commercial sex work, specifically for the rich Lebanese
business community. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* Togo is a source and transit country for trafficked persons, primarily
children. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Togolese citizens are trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Nigeria,
the Middle East (specifically Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), and Europe (primarily
France and Germany) for indentured or domestic servitude, farm labour,
and sexual exploitation. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
The government of Togo admits that trafficking in children is a
real problem which is of concern. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
A
study has shown that children are trafficked from Togo to Gabon,
Nigeria, the Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and also on occasion to
countries in Europe for use as domestic servants, market traders,
child beggars and prostitutes. (WAO-Afrique,
Child Trafficking in West and Central Africa, submission to the
UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1999)
* Police intercepted
children, some as young as eight years old, being trafficked from
Togo to Gabon. (Child
Trafficking in West and Central Africa, submission to the UN Working
Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1999)
* Prostitutes
are now commonly referred to as "Natashas" because so many come
from Russia. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Invisible' Women Shown In Russia's Demographics",
Martina Vandenberg, St. Petersburg Times, 13 October 1997)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Togolese citizens
are trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Nigeria, the Middle East (specifically
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), and Europe (primarily France and Germany) for
indentured or domestic servitude, farm labour, and sexual exploitation.
(US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
A study has shown that children are trafficked from Togo to Gabon,
Nigeria, the Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and also on occasion to
countries in Europe for use as domestic servants, market traders,
child beggars and prostitutes. (WAO-Afrique,
Child Trafficking in West and Central Africa, submission to the
UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1999)
* Thai girls
are found to be working as prostitutes in Western African countries
including Togo. ("Thai
girls lured to sex trade in Africa", Bangkok Post, 24 August 1998)
* Prostitutes are
now commonly referred to as "Natashas" because so many come from Russia.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Invisible' Women Shown In Russia's Demographics", Martina
Vandenberg, St. Petersburg Times, 13 October 1997)
|
| Children
in Crime |
- |
| Child
Soldiers |
RECRUITMENT LAWS
AND REGULATIONS
* According to one
source, the minimum age for conscription and for voluntary recruitment
is 18 years. Other sources variously claim 20 as the minimum age for recruitment.
(CSUCS,
Africa Report, April 1999, citing DCI-Togo)
NOTES ON
GOVERNMENT FORCES
*
There are no indications of under-18s in government armed forces.
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
Little information is available about the recruitment practices of these
groups but some are believed to attract teenagers. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
Children between 6 and 18 years of age are present in military barracks
doing menial work. (CSUCS,
Africa Report, April 1999)
* Allegations
that a small number of 17-year-olds were recruited into armed forces
in 1998 were categorically denied by the Representative of the Togolese
Government during the African Conference on the Use of Children
as Soldiers. (CSUCS,
Africa Report, April 1999, citing Gen. Nabede Poutoyi, Chief of
the Military Cabinet of Togo)
NOTES
ON OPPOSITION GROUPS
*
There is widespread recruitment of children into ethnic insurgent
groups on the Thailand/Myanmar border. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
Opposition armed groups in the country are reported to recruit teenagers.
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* 95.6% of domestics
between 7 and 17 years of age work full-time. (ILO-IPEC,
Mainstreaming Gender in IPEC Activities, 1999)
*
16% of child domestic workers are found to be 10 years old or younger,
50% under 14, and 65% under 15. 90% of them are girls. (UNICEF
Innocenti Digest on Child Domestic Work, May 1999, citing Anti-Slavery
International and WAO-Afrique, Children Working in Domestic Service in
Togo, 1994)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* In rural areas, parents
sometimes put young children into domestic work in other households. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* A study has shown that
children are trafficked from Togo to Gabon, Nigeria, the Cote d'Ivoire,
Burkina Faso and also on occasions to countries in Europe for use as domestic
servants. (WAO-Afrique, Child Trafficking
in West and Central Africa, submission to the UN Working Group on Contemporary
Forms of Slavery, June 1999)
* In cross-border
trafficking, Benin, Ghana, Nigeria and Togo are known to be the main
providers of child domestic labour to the main urban centres of countries
like Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea and the Congo.
(UNICEF, The Issue of Child Domestic
Labour and Trafficking in West and Central Africa, July 1998)
* Children are sometimes
subjected to forced labour, primarily as domestic servants. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
|
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* A study has shown
that children are trafficked from Togo to Gabon, Nigeria, the Cote
d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and also on occasions to countries in Europe
for use as domestic servants, market traders, child beggars and prostitutes.
(WAO-Afrique, Child Trafficking in West
and Central Africa, submission to the UN Working Group on Contemporary
Forms of Slavery, June 1999)
* Young children can
be seen in the market carrying heavy loads and selling. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
|
|
