| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* The ILO estimated
that 3.4 million out of 12.1 million children in the country who
are under the age of 18 work on a regular basis, and that 1 out
of every 3 children in rural areas is economically active as compared
with 1 in 10 in urban areas. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2001,
March 2002)
* Research undertaken
by the Tanzania Federation of Trade Unions (TFTU) in 1999 indicates
that of the 9 million Tanzanian children under the age of 15, only
5% is involved in one form or another of child labour (IUF/ITGA/BAT
- Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring,
Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)
* An executive
summary of the ICFTU report estimates that almost 30% of the children
between the age of 10 and 14 years are working in Tanzania. (IUF/ITGA/BAT
- Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring,
Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)
* For the year 2000,
the ILO projects that there will be 1,604,000 economically active children,
791,000 girls and 813,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing
36.90% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* Approximately 250,000
children are engaged in labour. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* An ILO study estimated
that in 1995, 29.4% of children between the ages of 10-14 were economically
active. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* In 1995, there were
1,523,000 economically active children, 752,000 girls and 771,000 boys between
the ages of 10-14, representing 39.48% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 13.2% of the 10-14
age group children are working i.e. 395,372 out of 2,984,228. (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing ILO, Child Labour
in Tanzania, 1992)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* There are no reliable figures on the extent of
child labour in Tanzania, even from the studies that have been conducted
in different areas and districts of the country. (IUF/ITGA/BAT
- Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring,
Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)
* It is estimated that child labour is practiced
in the agricultural sector, especially in tobacco plantations and
in the informal sector. (IUF/ITGA/BAT
- Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring,
Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* A form of bonded
child labour occurs in some regions where children are forced to work if
they wish to live with their parents or care-givers. If they do not work,
they risk being evicted from the farm. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
GENERAL NOTES AND
OBSERVATIONS
* The law does not
prohibit trafficking, and in previous years there were unconfirmed reports
that children were trafficked away from their families to work in mines
and other business entities; however, there were no such reports during
the year. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Although no
studies have been made so far on the problem of child trafficking
in Tanzania, the practice of trafficking children for domestic work
is very common. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* According to
local and international NGOs, many rural children are tricked out
of their homes by stories about the luxurious lifestyle in the cities.
(ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* There are
reports in the media that children are trafficked to Mauritius,
USA, and UK. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* Children reportedly
are trafficked to work in mines and other businesses.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
LOCAL STATISTICS
*
There are at least 800 children in prostitution in Arusha, Dares Salaam
and Singida. Sex tourists are increasingly seeking children in these regions.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing TAMWA, Alakok Mayombo, "Tanzania: Children Drawn Into
Sex Trade", AP, 27 April 1998)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
*
The link between CDW and prostitution
has been established with some clarity in Tanzania. An ILO-IPEC
rapid assessment of children in prostitution in Tanzania (2001)
indicates that as many as 25% of the children found in prostitution
were former domestic workers. (ILO-IPEC,
Action to Combat Child Domestic Work - Good Practice and a Methodological
Guide for Direct Action, Geneva, February 2002)
*
Reports indicate that girls as young as 9 years prostitute themselves.
(ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* According to one report child prostitution is well established
in Arusha, Dar es Salaam and Singida and that sex tourists are increasingly
seeking children in these areas. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* There is no concrete information on child pornography and
information received on the issues does not differentiate between
adult pornography and child pornography. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
There are reports that brothels procure children from rural area
for the purpose of prostitution. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
There were reports of children forced into prostitution by parents or guardians.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* A 1998 study funded
by the ILO reported a growth in child prostitution, including forced prostitution.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Girls as young as
9 years are in prostitution. (CATW, The Fact Book on Global Sexual Exploitation, 1999)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL JUVENILE
CRIME STATISTICS
* In 1998 the
specific offences involving juveniles were: 10 cases of serious
assault (1.89% of all
cases), 16 cases of all types of theft (0.01% of all cases), 4 cases
of counterfeit currency offences (1.06% of all cases).
(INTERPOL, International Crime Statistics
for 1998, citing National
Statistics)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
NOTES ON GOVERMENT FORCES
* There are indications
of under-18s in government armed forces as the minimum voluntary recruitment
age is 15. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
*
A survey has found 4,512 domestic child labourers, 1,808 between
6 and 14 years and 2,704 between 15 and 18 years.
(CWA,
Michael Kimaryo and Ron Pouwels, Kuleana Centre for Children’s
Rights, "An African perspective: Child Domestic Workers in
Tanzania", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 15, No. 2, May - August
1999)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
*
The link between CDW and prostitution
has been established with some clarity in Tanzania. An ILO-IPEC
rapid assessment of children in prostitution in Tanzania (2001)
indicates that as many as 25% of the children found in prostitution
were former domestic workers. (ILO-IPEC,
Action to Combat Child Domestic Work - Good Practice and a Methodological
Guide for Direct Action, Geneva, February 2002)
* Although no studies have been made so far on the
problem of child trafficking in Tanzania, the practice of trafficking
children for domestic work is very common. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
Girls are employed as domestic servants, mostly in urban households under
abusive and exploitative conditions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Most of the child
domestic workers are between 13 and 15 years old, although some of
them are as young as 6 years old, and the vast majority of them are
girls. (CWA,
Michael Kimaryo and Ron Pouwels, Kuleana Centre for Children’s
Rights, "An African perspective: Child Domestic Workers in Tanzania",
Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 15, No. 2, May - August 1999)
* The working
hours for child domestics can be as long as 16-18 hours a day.
(UNICEF Innocenti Digest on Child Domestic Work, May 1999, citing
ILO, Improving the situation of child domestic workers, 1997)
|
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
*
According to estimates, some 30,000 children are employed in hazardous
work places, 5,000 in plantations and 3,000 in mining.
("At Least 400,000 In Dreadful Child
Labor In Tanzania", TOMRIC Agency, 8 June 2000)
*
30,000 children are engaged in hazardous employment.
(ILO,
World of Work, February 1999)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Children reportedly are trafficked to work in mines and other businesses.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In the informal
sector, children assist their parents in unregulated piecework manufacturing.
(US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
*
Child labour is prevalent in sisal plantations gemstone mining and
cotton ginneries. (US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
SPECIFIC
SECTORS
*
Commercial
Agriculture - In
the areas of this study in Iringa and Urambo a total of 100 working
children were sampled. Out of these 61 (61%) were boys and 39 (39%)
were girls. (ILO-IPEC,
A. Masudi et all, Tanzania, Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture
- Tobacco: A Rapid Assessment, Geneva, November 2001)
*
Commercial
Agriculture - While
the average number of hours children worked in Iringa was about
eight hours, those in Urambo worked about twelve hours. Some children
in Urambo worked for between fifteen to seventeen hours, and some
reported to have worked for over seventeen hours. (ILO-IPEC,
A. Masudi et all, Tanzania, Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture
- Tobacco: A Rapid Assessment, Geneva, November 2001)
*
Commercial
Agriculture - The
study has revealed that the four key locations i.e. Nitin, Shah,
Tinga Tinga and Kiran coffee plantations employed around 1,200 children
during the picking season. The majority of the children who work
on the coffee plantation were aged 10 to 14 years. (ILO-IPEC,
George S. Nchahaga, Tanzania, Children Working in Commercial Agriculture
- Coffee: A Rapid Assessment, Geneva January 2002)
*
Commercial
Agriculture - It
is estimated that about 1000 children work in hazardous conditions
in the commercial agriculture tea sector both in Lushoto and Rungwe
districts. (ILO-IPEC,
C. Kadonya et all, Tanzania, Child Labour in the Informal Sector:
A Rapid Assessment, No. 14 Geneva, January 2002)
*
Commercial
Agriculture - According
to ICFTU, in 2000, there about 5,000 children engaged in seasonal
employment on sisal, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. (IUF/ITGA/BAT
- Child Labour in the Tobacco Growing Sector in Africa , Line Eldring,
Sabata Nakanyane, Malehoko Tshoaedi, Nairobi 8-9 October 2000)
*
Commercial Agriculture - In Iringa rural district, about 600 km from
Dar es Salaam, an estimated 1,200 to 1,500 boys and girls between
the ages of 10 and 15 are seasonally employed in tobacco estates to
work under hazardous conditions with little pay.
(ILO,
"Finding ways to fight: child labour in Tanzania", World of Work,
February 1999)
*
Commercial Agriculture - Work on sisal plantations is particularly
hazardous and detrimental to children.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Commercial Agriculture
- Children in the 7-15 year-old age group were found to be working
on the clove plantations every year during two seasons, and have been
doing so since early childhood, as early as 5 years of age, when they
accompanied their parents to work. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
* Commercial Agriculture
- Children in the age group of 12-15 years were found to be working
on the coffee plantations. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
* Commercial Agriculture
- Children in the 7-15 year-old age group were also found to be engaged
on the green algae(seaweed) farms. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
* Commercial Agriculture
- On sugar plantations, children work eight to ten hours a day, especially
during the weeding season. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
*
Commercial Agriculture - 12-14 age group children do all the manual
and machine-based work in sisal plantations.
(US
Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
* Garage Workshops
- About 96 percent of all working children in garage activities
are between ages 14 to 17. (ILO-IPEC,
C. Kadonya et all, Tanzania, Child Labour in the Informal Sector:
A Rapid Assessment, No. 14 Geneva, January 2002)
* Mining and
Quarrying - Children below the age of 18 years were involved in
different activities related to the mining sector, the largest group
being children aged between 14-17 years, who accounted for 59% of
the total number of children interviewed. (ILO-IPEC,
J. A. Mwami et all, Tanzania Children Labour in Mining: A Rapid
Assessment, Geneva, January 2002)
* Mining and Quarrying
- From 1,500 to 3,000 children work in unregulated gemstone mines.
(US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
* Mining and Quarrying
- Children are involved in mining activity. In Merevani, near Arusha,
150 children between 12-15 years are working as 'snake boys' in tanzanite
mines. (ILO,
Small-scale Mines, 1999)
* Mining and Quarrying
- Children are employed in small-scale gold mines.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Rubber Plantations
- On the rubber plantations children constitute nearly 15% of the
total labour force. (ILO-IPEC,
Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture in Africa, 27-30 August 1996)
*
Scavenging Activities - In scavenging activities at Vingunguti garbage
site in Dar Es Salaam, the City Officials estimated 40 to 80 children
scavenging daily. (ILO-IPEC,
C. Kadonya et all, Tanzania, Child Labour in the Informal Sector:
A Rapid Assessment, No. 14 Geneva, January 2002)
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