| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Officially,
Spain reports 354,900 (15.5 per cent) paid employees among its population
of 16-19 year- olds in 1999. (ILO-IPEC, Peter Dorman, Working Paper,
Child Labour in Developed Economies, citing, Instituto Nacional
de Estadistica - 2000, Geneva, January 2001)
* For the year
2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active
children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO,
International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically
Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* For the year 2000, 552900 children between 16-19
years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour
Statistics, 2001)
* 588,100 teenagers
between 16-19 are economically active. (ILO,
Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* Other figures
say that there are an estimated 1.5 million illegal child workers
with around 200,000 under 14 years working illegally in the informal
sector, including family businesses and agriculture. (EI,
EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector,
1998)
* In 1995, there
were 0 economically active children between the ages of 10-14. (ILO,
International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active
Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
*
400,000 children are working. (ICFTU,
No Time to Play, 1996, citing Union General de Trabajadores (UGT), Informe
Condiciones del Trabajo de los Ninos en Espana, 1991)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
According to Red Cross personnel providing assistance to migrant farm workers
there, over 200 children under the age of 16, the majority Portuguese citizens,
worked 10-hour days and earned less than $14 (2,000 pesetas) per day. Many
of the children were less than 10 years old. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing Red Cross personnel)
*
Most child workers began to work before they were ten years old, and another
third between the ages of 11-14. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* The number of
working children in the agricultural sector is estimated to be 100,000.
(EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998, citing FNV, Eliminating
Child Labour, 1995)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Laws against forced
child labour are effectively observed. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Spain is a
destination and transit country for trafficked women. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Trafficking
is almost exclusively for the purpose of sexual exploitation, although
there is also trafficking for forced labour in agriculture and sweatshops.
(US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Trafficking
victims come from the Western Hemisphere (including Colombia, the
Dominican Republic, and Brazil), Sub-Saharan Africa (Nigeria, Guinea,
and Sierra Leone), northern Africa and Eastern Europe. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* In 2000 police arrested over a thousand individuals involved in
some aspect of trafficking in persons or migrant smuggling. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* The Directorate
of Migration estimates that there are approximately 400 rings of alien
smugglers and purveyors of false document operating within the Dominican
Republic. These individuals profit by facilitating the trafficking of women
to Spain, Netherlands, and Argentina under false pretenses, for purposes
of prostitution. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* The Organisation for
Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) issued a report on trafficking
of persons in September, and stated that women and girls from Colombia are
trafficked to North America and Western Europe. There were also reports
of women trafficked to Japan and Spain in increasing numbers, in recent
years. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
*
Women, aged 18-24, from Venezuela are being trafficked under false
pretenses for prostitution in highway massage parlours and similar
fronts for brothels in Spain. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Patrick J. O'Donoghue, "Venezuelan Sex-Slaves Sold
in Trade-Offs", Vheadline, 18 November 1997)
* Prostitution trade
networks provide Colombian women for the markets in Spain, Britain, Germany,
Belgium and the United States. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Gustavo Capdevila, IPS, 2 April 1997, citing Radhika Coomaraswamy,
UN Special Report on Violence Against Women)
* The main concentrations
of prostituted Dominican women working abroad are in Austria, Curacao,
Germany, Greece, Haiti, Italy, the Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain,
Switzerland, Venezuela and the West Indies.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Trafficking in Women from the Dominican Republic for
Sexual Exploitation", IOM, June 1996)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
ADULT STATISTICS
* The NGO Doctors
of the World, which works with prostitutes, estimated during the year that
60% of the 45,000 female prostitutes were immigrants. Doctors of the World
reported that 69% of these immigrant prostitutes were from Sub-Saharan
Africa, 21% were from Latin America, and 8% were from Eastern Europe. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing Doctors of the World)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* An international
trafficking network was broken up and 15 people arrested for allegedly
trafficking dozens of women from the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Columbia,
Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria to Spain, forcing them into prostitution.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Spanish Prostitution Ring Busted", AP, 18 April 1998)
* Prostitution trade
networks provide Colombian women for the markets in Spain, Britain, Germany,
Belgium and the United States. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Gustavo Capdevila, IPS, 2 April 1997, citing Radhika
Coomaraswamy, UN Special Report on Violence Against Women)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL JUVENILE
CRIME STATISTICS
* 15,487 proceedings
involving juveniles. (International
Save the Children Alliance, Children's Rights: Reality or Rhetoric?,
1999)
* In 1998 there
were 45,865 reported cases of juvenile crime, representing 5.00%
of all criminal cases. The specific offences were: 13 cases of murder
(1.33% of all murders), 573 cases of serious assault (6.04% of all
cases), 55,163 cases of all types of theft (8.02% of all cases),
24,954 cases of aggravated theft (8.50% of all cases), 7,883 cases
of robbery and violent theft (11.70% of all cases), 15,947 cases
of breaking and entering (7.05% of all cases), 14,166 cases of theft
of motor cars (10.41% of all cases), 13,759 cases of other theft
(5.33% of all cases), 980 cases of drug offences (1.19% of all cases).
(INTERPOL, International Crime Statistics
for 1998, citing National
Statistics)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
RECRUITMENT
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
*
Presence of child soldiers is indicated in government armed forces
and armed opposition group. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* No distinction
seems to be made regarding the age of recruitment and deployment
in conflict situations. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* Young people
can volunteer to perform their compulsory military service from
the age of 17. (CSUCS,
Europe Report, October 1999, citing Report of Spain to the UN CRC,
26 October 1993)
* The minimum
age for conscription is 20 years. (Guy Goodwin-Gill and Ilene Cohn, Child Soldiers, The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)
NOTES
ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
* It appears
that 16-year-olds can and will be able to register for recruitment
into the armed forces. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
NOTES
ON OPPOSITION GROUPS
* Children are known to be involved in violent activities
linked to the Basque Separatist Movement. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
- |
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Children work in small shops, restaurants, bars, seasonal work,
help at the market, home work for the textile industry and other
small industries. (EFCW,
Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* Child work include
street selling, shoe-cleaning, begging and various forms of refuse
and waste collection. (EFCW,
Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
*
Children work in shops, bars, agricultural jobs, street markets,
selling, and cleaning car windows at traffic lights.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
SPECIFIC SECTORS
*
Farming - In 1998 UNICEF called for an investigation into child
labour on tomato farms in Badajoz. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
*
Commercial Agriculture - A Red Cross estimate on child labour in
tomato cultivation in Badajoz states that 200 children, mostly of
Portuguese origin are working for 10 hours a day at a wage less
than $14 a day. Most of them are less than 16 years.
(US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Footwear Manufacturing
- Small sub-contracting businesses, and in particular the shoe industry,
are known to use child labour. (EFCW,
Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
|
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