| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year
2000, the ILO projects that there will be 0 economically active children
between the ages of 10-14. (ILO, International
Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population
1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* For the year 2000, 561000 children between 15-19
years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour
Statistics, 2001)
* 512,000 teenagers
between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO,
Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* In 1995, 0.02%
of children between the ages of 10-14 years were economically active.
(ILO, International Labour Office
- Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010,
STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* No cases of forced
child labour occur. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
*
The country is a major destination for trafficked women. According
to the Justice Ministry, 20,000 to 30,000 persons work in prostitution,
about half of them illegal residents from non-EU countries. Many
come from Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Eastern Europe, and
Nigeria. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* The Foundation
Against Trafficking in Women estimates that each year some 3,000
women and girls are brought into the country for the purpose of
prostitution. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* At least 200 women,
including girls under the age of 16, were trafficked by one Polish man
to Netherlands and Germany between 1993 and 1996. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Trafficking of Women to the European Union", European
Conference on Trafficking in Women, June 1996, citing Warsaw Voice)
ADULT STATISTICS
*
According to various reports, some 3,500 Bulgarian women are trafficked
to Poland, thousands to the Netherlands and the Czech Republic,
while others are trafficked to Germany, Belgium, Canada, Serbia-Montenegro,
Romania, Hungary, TFYR Macedonia, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, and Turkey.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* In Amsterdam, 80% of
prostitutes are foreigners, and 70% have no immigration papers, suggesting
that they were trafficked. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Marie-Victoire Louis, "Legalizing Pimping, Dutch Style",
Le Monde Diplomatique, 8 March 1997)
* In 1994, 69% of 168 trafficked
victims were from Central and Eastern European Countries.
(The Dutch
Foundation Against Trafficking in Women, "Trafficking of Women to
the European Union", European Conference on Trafficking in Women,
June 1996, IOM, 7 May 1996)
*
There are at least 1,000 trafficked women in the Netherlands.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Trafficking of Women to the European Union", European
Conference on Trafficking in Women, June 1996)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
A Dutch study by Terre des Hommes indicates that many children are trafficked
into the Netherlands for purposes of abuse through prostitution. Many of
these children, mostly girls, come from Africa. They are sold again to
Belgium and other European countries where they are forced to provide sex.
(ECPAT
International, A Step Forward, 1999)
* The Directorate of
Migration estimates that there are approximately 400 rings of alien smugglers
and purveyors of false documents operating within the Dominican Republic.
These individuals profit by facilitating the trafficking of women to Spain,
Netherlands, and Argentina under false pretenses, for purposes of prostitution.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Homeless children in
Romania have increasingly been trafficked under false pretenses and forced
into prostitution in Berlin and Hamburg, Germany and Amsterdam, Holland.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Save the Children, Albert Clack, "Romania: Life on the
streets", 1998)
* The main concentrations
of prostituted Dominican women working abroad are in Austria, Curacao, Germany,
Greece, Haiti, Italy, the Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, Switzerland,
Venezuela and the West Indies. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Trafficking in Women from the Dominican Republic for
Sexual Exploitation", IOM, June 1996)
* Sweden is used as a
transit country for trafficking Latin American women to brothels in Denmark,
Germany and the Netherlands. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Trafficking of Women to the European Union", European
Conference on Trafficking in Women, June 1996)
* Women from Thailand
are trafficked particularly to the Netherlands and Germany, Japan, Australia,
India, Malaysia and nations of the Middle East.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific, 1996)
* In the Czech Republic,
the growing organised crime networks have engaged in the trafficking of
young women into Western Europe, especially to Germany, Italy, the Netherlands
and Greece. The operation uses Slovakia as a transit country.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing "Highway to prostitution", The Euroreporter, 1995)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* Child prostitution
seems concentrated in cities and while numbers vary, estimate range
from 500 - 2000 children involved a year. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* There are
an estimated 1,000 child prostitutes.
(World
Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation, August 1996)
ADULT STATISTICS
* There are an estimated
30,000 prostitutes in the Netherlands. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "Sex Tax Ticks Off Dutch", AP, 14 October 1997)
*
In Amsterdam, 80% of prostitutes are foreigners, and 70% have no immigration
papers, suggesting that they were trafficked.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Marie-Victoire Louis, "Legalizing Pimping, Dutch Style",
Le Monde Diplomatique, 8 March 1997)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Of all child prostitutes, a study by the Dutch Institute of Social
Sexual Research estimated that 33.5% are of Dutch origin, 28% are
not of Dutch origin (permanent residents) and 39% are recently immigrated
(less than 5 years). Major groups include, Nigerians, Moroccans,
Chinese and Eastern Europeans. The study also noted that there are
approximately 1000 boys working in the industry. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
*
A Dutch study by Terre des Hommes indicates that many children are trafficked
into the Netherlands for purposes of abuse through prostitution. Many of
these children, mostly girls, come from Africa. They are sold again to
Belgium and other European countries where they are forced to provide sex.
(ECPAT
International, A Step Forward, 1999)
* Homeless children in
Romania have increasingly been trafficked under false pretenses and forced
into prostitution in Berlin and Hamburg in Germany and Amsterdam in The
Netherlands. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Save the Children, Albert Clack, "Romania: Life on the
streets", 1998)
* The Philippines,
Thailand, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Hong Kong are some of the primary
Asian destinations for organised sex tours from the Netherlands.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific, 1996)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL JUVENILE
CRIME STATISTICS
* In 1998 there
were 207,778 reported cases of juvenile crime, representing 17%
of all criminal cases. The specific offences were: 136 cases of
murder (8% of all murders), 6,460 cases of serious assault (17%
of all cases), 190,914 cases of all type of theft (23% of all cases),
130,458 cases of aggravated theft (26% of all cases), 4,478 cases
of robbery and violent theft (31% of all cases), 126,188 cases of
breaking and entering (26% of all cases), 65,660 case of other theft
(20% of all cases), 1,229 cases of fraud (7% of all cases), 142
cases of counterfeit currency offences (6% of all cases), 229 cases
of drug offences (3% of all cases). (INTERPOL,
International Crime Statistics for 1998, National
Statistics)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
GOVERNMENT FORCE STATISTICS
*
The Dutch armed forces recruit 800 to 900 under-18s every year.
(CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing Dutch Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, 9/12/99, op. cit. )
RECRUITMENT
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
*
The Civil Code of the Netherlands (Burgerlijk Wetboek) states that
children between 16 and 18 years of age may seek employment of their
own choosing, on condition that they receive permission from parents
or guardians and dispensation from a judge. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* According
to internal rules of the armed forces, these recruits cannot be
sent abroad to take part in military operations before they reach
the age of eighteen. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing Gmelich Meijling op.
cit.)
*
In 1996, when Netherland modified its recruitment policy and its selection
of personnel for peace operations abroad, it set 17 years as the minimum
age for recruitment and 18 for participation in hostilities. 19 years is
the minimum age for recruitment into the National Reserve Corps. (CSUCS,
Europe Report, October 1999, citing Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
20 July 1999)
*
The Dutch armed forces underwent an extensive reorganization in
1993 and conscription was suspended although it can be reinstated
in case of emergency. (CSUCS,
Europe Report, October 1999, citing Report of The Netherlands to
the UN CRC, 24 July 1997)
NOTES ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
* There are
indications of under-18s in government armed forces. Legislative
provisions regarding the recruitment age need to be clarified and
harmonized with actual practice. It appears that 16 is the minimum
age in law but that the armed forces practice a policy of only recruiting
17-year-olds and deploying 18-year-olds. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
NOTES
ON FOREIGN OPPOSITION GROUPS
* On 22 November 1998,
the criminal police of Hanover reported that 3 children had been trained
by the PKK for guerrilla warfare in camps in the Netherlands and Belgium.
(CSUCS,
Europe Report, October 1999, citing "GfbV appelliert an Bundesregierung:
Sorgen Sie für die Rückkehr der von der PKK in Deutschland entführten kurdischen
Minderjährigen in ihren Familien!", GfbV, 23 November 1998)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
- |
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
SPECIFIC
SECTORS
* Garment Manufacturing
- Children were found working in illegal clothing workshops in Amsterdam.
(EFCW, Children Who Work in Europe, June 1998)
* Street Children
- The phenomenon of street children is on the increase recently
as the group of migrant children has grown. They are mainly found
in Amsterdam and Rotterdam.
(EFCW, Children Who
Work in Europe, June 1998)
|
|
