| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that
there will be 791,000 economically active children, 328,000 girls
and 462,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 32.41%
of this age group.
(ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
*
In 1995, there were 710,000 economically active children, 291,000
girls and 420,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 33.80%
of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children work in seasonal
harvests or commercial plantations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Children, including
those under age 15, commonly work on family farms or in the urban informal
sector. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES AND
OBSERVATIONS
* There were reports
that children often were used as bargaining chips to settle financial and
other disputes in rural areas. According to Domingos do Rosario, a sociologist
with the Cultural Patrimony Department, children sometimes were used as
labour to settle outstanding economic accounts in rural areas.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Ressano Garcia,
a border town 150km west of Maputo reportedly is a transit point
between Johannesburg, South Africa and Mozambique. Young men are
trafficked for the purpose of work in South African mines and children
are trafficked for sexual purposes through the Ressano Garcia transit
route. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* There were credible
reports that there is some trafficking in persons, primarily women and
children, to South Africa and Swaziland. Both countries apparently offer
economic opportunities that attract poor women and children, who sometimes
are victimised by traffickers. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child prostitution
appears to be most prevalent in Maputo and Beira, although it may
also exist in rural areas. Child prostitution reportedly is growing
in the Maputo, Beira, and Nacala areas, which have highly mobile
populations and a large number of transport workers. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* According
to research carried out by Terre des Hommes - Mozambique, child
prostitution in particular is on the increase. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* Authorities in several
provinces took steps to combat child prostitution; however, sexual abuse
and exploitation of children below the age of 15 continues.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child prostitution
exists in many parts of country. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child prostitution
exists in many parts of country. (US Dept
of State,
Human Rights Report, 1998)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
RECRUITMENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS
*
Mozambique supported a "straight-18" ban on military recruitment
during negotiations on the Optional Protocol. Mozambican law allows
conscription from the age of 18 but this age limit may be lowered
during times of war. Many thousands of children were used as soldiers
in the past war between Frelimo and Renamo. There are concerns that
former child soldiers, now of draft age, may be liable for compulsory
military service again. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
*
The minimum age for conscription is 18 years. (Guy Goodwin-Gill and Ilene Cohn, Child Soldiers, The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)
NOTES
ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
*
There is no evidence of any underage recruitment, although the possibility
of altering the age for recruitment in time of war is disquieting given
Mozambique's history prior to 1992. (CSUCS,
Africa Report, April 1999, citing International Forum for Child Welfare,
October 1998)
NOTES
FROM PREVIOUS ARMED CONFLICTS
* Child soldiers were
widely used in Mozambique during the 1977-1992 civil war. (Human
Rights Watch, Country Reports, 2000)
* In the former war between
Frelimo and Renamo, many thousands of children were used as soldiers. (CSUCS,
Africa Report, April 1999)
* Data supplied by the
technical unit of UNOMOZ indicates that 27%, about 25,498, of the demobilised
soldiers were, at the time of recruitment, younger than 18 years. Of these,
about 16,553 belonged to the governmental army, while 8,945 belonged to
Renamo. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database, citing "The Social Reintegration of the Child
Involved in Armed Conflict in Mozambique", published by the Institute for
Security Studies, South Africa,1999)
* 25,498, almost 28%,
of the 92 881 officially demobilised soldiers in Mozambique were younger
than 18 years when recruited. Of these, 4,678 were under 13 when recruited,
6,829 were 14-15-year-old, and 13,982 were 16-17 years old. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database, citing a joint report by UNHCR and International
Save the Children Alliance, 1998)
* Report of Carnegie
Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, 1997, revealed that at least 10,000
children served as soldiers during the conflict. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database)
* An estimated 8,000
children participated actively in the civil war between Frelimo and Renamo.
(Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database, citing Africa News, May 1996)
* When Renamo allowed full
access to its old bases in June 1994, more than 2000 children were registered.
(Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* The number
of children in domestic positions appeared to be rising. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Children are employed
in domestic positions. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
|
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Children,
including those under age 15, commonly work on family farms or in
the urban informal sector, where they perform such tasks as "guarding"
cars, collecting scrap metal, or selling trinkets and food in the
streets. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* The informal
labour sector is unregulated. In a September 1999 newspaper survey,
labour union representatives noted the growing presence of children
in construction jobs. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Children work in
the urban informal sector. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
SPECIFIC
SECTORS
* Commercial Agriculture
- Children work on commercial plantations.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Construction - Increasing
presence of children in construction jobs.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
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