| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000,
the ILO projects that there will be 60,000 economically active children
between the ages of 10-14, representing 2.33% of this age group, 28,000
girls and 33,000 boys. (ILO, International
Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population
1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* For the year 2000, 641000 children between 15-19
years were economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour
Statistics, 2001)
* 603,400 teenagers
between 15-19 are economically active. (ILO,
Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* The Malaysian
Census Report estimated there were 40,000 child workers in 1990. Current
estimates range from 70,000 to 200,000. (B.
Sinniah, Working Children in the Commercial Sector in Malaysia)
* In 1995, there
were 75,000 economically active children between the ages of 10-14,
representing 3.16% of this age group. Of these, 33,000 were girls
and 42,000 were boys. (ILO, International
Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population
1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* A 1993 joint
report by ICFTU and ICFTU-APRO estimated the child work force at 75,000.
However, government officials maintain that this figure is outdated,
since it was based on a nationwide survey of child labour undertaken
in 1980, which estimated that more than 73,400 children between the
ages of 10-14 were employed full-time. There is no reliable recent
estimate of the number of child workers. (US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Most child labourers
work on agricultural estates, but there are indications that some
are being employed in small factories. (EI,
EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector,
1998)
* Government
officials do not deny the existence of child labour but maintain
that foreign workers have largely replaced child labourers, and
that the government vigorously enforces child labour provisions.
(EI,
EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector,
1998)
|
| Child
Slavery |
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
* Bonded labour is
rare. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* During the
year 2000, the Royal Malaysian Police arrested 3,607 foreign prostitutes,
compared to 3,301 in 1999.Most prostitutes in the country still
come from neighbouring Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand,
and China. (ECPAT,
CSEC Database, http://www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/projects/monitoring/online_database/index.asp)
* The Deputy Home
Minister stated that 4,200 Malaysian girls and young women were reported
missing in 1997. Political parties and NGOs estimate that a portion of
these women and girls were victims of traffickers.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
*
4,000 Thai boys are sold or abducted every year and shipped to Malaysia.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Action, The Flesh Trade Report,
1995-1996)
ADULT
STATISTICS
*
In 1998 the Deputy Home Minister stated that 2,250 foreign prostitutes
had been arrested in Malaysia. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Malaysia is both a source and destination country for trafficked
persons. Young women from primarily Indonesia, Thailand, and the
Philippines are trafficked into Malaysia for sexual exploitation.
Small numbers of young Malaysian women, primarily ethnic Chinese,
are trafficked to Japan, Canada, the United States and Taiwan, also
for sexual exploitation. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
Girls are lured from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and south China for the sex
markets in Thailand or to be diverted to Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan and
Japan. ("Human
Trafficking: Gangs make Thailand a regional hub", Bangkok Post, 6 September
2000, reprinted in Stop Trafficking Archive, September 2000)
* Police believe that
the overwhelming number of prostitutes in the country are foreigners from
Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, and China. These women often
work as karaoke hostesses, guest relations officers, and masseuses. Russian
women work in smaller numbers as prostitutes.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Malaysian women are
trafficked for sexual purposes mostly to Singapore, Macau, Hong Kong, and
Taiwan, but also to Japan, Australia, Canada, and the United States.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Trafficking in women
for the purpose of forced prostitution is a problem.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
*
Women's organisations highlight the continuing problem of trafficking
in young girls. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Malaysia is a
receiving country for trafficked women from Indonesia, the Philippines,
Thailand, China, India, Taiwan, Singapore, Burma, Vietnam, Sri Lanka
and Laos. (CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific,
1996)
* Malaysian women
can be found in prostitution in Hong Kong and Australia.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific,
1996)
* Burmese children
are smuggled into Malaysia for begging.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal
Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Thai and Filipino
girls are trafficked into Malaysia for prostitution.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal
Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Malaysian children
are trafficked into Japan, Hongkong, Taiwan and Australia.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal
Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Korea ranks
7th in terms of destination of deployed overseas Filipino workers,
closely following Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Japan. Illegal
recruitment allegedly for work abroad, have historically been exploited
to bring women into prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation
in foreign lands. (CATW-Asia
Pacific, Jean Enriquez, "Filipinos
in Prostitution around U.S. Military Bases in Korea")
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* In 1998, the Minister
of National Unity and Social Development stated that 150 to 160
underage girls are detained each year for involvement in immoral
activities and sent to rehabilitation centres.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
LOCAL
STATISTICS
*
There are 8,000-10,000 women in prostitution in Kuala Lumpur. (CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific,
1996)
ADULT STATISTICS
* An ILO study
estimated that there were roughly 40,000 to 140,000 prostitutes in
1998. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Malaysia is a source, transit, and destination country for trafficking
in women and girls for sexual exploitation. In 1998, the Deputy
Home Minister stated that 2,250 foreign prostitutes had been arrested
in Malaysia. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* There are 43,000
to 142,000 or more prostituted persons in Malaysia. Prostituted persons
are mainly adult women, but there are also male, transvestite and
child prostitutes, both girls and boys.
(CATW
Fact Book, citing Dario Agnote "Sex trade key part of S.E. Asian economies,
study says", Kyodo News, 18 August 1998)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Girls are lured
from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and south China for the sex markets in
Thailand or to be diverted to Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan.
("Human Trafficking: Gangs make Thailand
a regional hub", Bangkok Post, 6 September 2000, reprinted in Stop
Trafficking Archive, September 2000)
* Police believe
that the overwhelming number of prostitutes in the country are foreigners
from Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, and China. These
women often work as karaoke hostesses, guest relations officers, and
masseuses. Russian women work in smaller numbers as prostitutes.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Malaysian women
are trafficked for sexual purposes mostly to Singapore, Macau, Hong
Kong, and Taiwan, but also to Japan, Australia, Canada, and the United
States. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Child prostitution
exists in the country. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Although statistics
are not available, the incidence of child prostitution appears to
have decreased in recent years. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Studies show
that more than a half of those 'rescued'' from various sex establishments
were under age 18. (CATW
Fact Book, citing Dario Agnote, "Sex trade key part of S.E. Asian
economies, study says", Kyodo News, 18 August 1998)
* Recreation business,
such as entertainment and fitness clubs, are the main channels for
prostitution. Almost every town has a red-light district.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific,
1996)
* Malaysia is a
destination for various nations' sex tours.
(CATW-Asia
Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific,
1996)
* Thai and Filipino
girls are trafficked into Malaysia for prostitution.
(Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal
Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL JUVENILE
CRIME STATISTICS
* 0.7% of total
prisoners are juveniles. (UNDP,
Human Development Report, 1999)
* In 1998 there
were 9,901 reported cases of juvenile crime, representing 7.99%
of all criminal cases. The specific offences were: 39 cases of murder
(5.79% of all murders),
402 cases of serious assault (7.00% of all cases), 10,750 cases
of all types of theft (9.42% of all cases), 4,091 cases of aggravated
theft (8.86% of all cases), 532 cases of robbery and violent theft
(4.55% of all cases), 3,871 cases of breaking and entering (11.23%
of all cases), 43 cases of theft of motor cars (0.94% of all cases),
6,226 cases of other theft (9.83% of all cases), 13 cases of fraud
(0.13% of all cases)
(INTERPOL, International Crime Statistics
for 1998, citing National
Statistics)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
NOTES
ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
* There is no evidence
of underage recruitment into the Malaysian armed forces. (CSUCS,
Asia Report, July 2000)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
- |
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
ASSORTED
STATISTICS
* Between 100,000
and 200,000 children are working in restaurants, markets, construction
sites and small industrial sites.
(ABC-CLIO, Sandy
Hobbs et al, Child Labor: A World History Companion, 1999, citing
Lee Wright Peter, Child Slaves, 1990)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Most child labourers work in the urban informal sector in food businesses,
night markets, and small-scale industries, as well as on rubber and palm
oil plantations. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
SPECIFIC SECTORS
* Begging
- Burmese children are smuggled into Malaysia for begging.
(Lawyers
for Human Rights and Legal Action, The Flesh Trade Report, 1995-1996)
* Rubber Plantation
- Children work up to 17 hours a day in rubber plantations, exposed
to insect and snake bites. (Kathlyn Gay, Child Labor: A Global Crisis, The Milbrook Press, 1998)
* Scavenging
- In urban areas, children can be found working in recycling garbage
dumps. (ABC-CLIO,
Sandy Hobbs et al, Child Labor: A World History Companion, 1999,
citing Lee Wright Peter, Child Slaves, 1990)
|
|
