| Total
Child Labour |
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that
there will be 95,000 economically active children, 19,000 girls
and 76,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 13.71% of
this age group.
(ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* The Office of the Ombudsman
for the Defense of Human Rights (PDDH) estimated
that 270,000 minors work, mostly as street vendors. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
*
40% or 724,721 of the children between 10-14 years are economically
active. (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo infantil
en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
*
In the urban area, of the children between the ages of 10-15 years,
47.8% work in the commercial sector, hotels and restaurants, 21.7%
in manufacturing, 13.1% in construction, 13.1% in domestic services,
and 4.3% in the education sector. (ILO-IPEC,
Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos
y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio
de 1998)
*
According to the preliminary results of the inquiry ( La Encuesta
de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples 1997), the population
from 10 to 15 years old is divided in these different branches of
economic activity: agriculture (67%), hotel and restaurants (11.6%),
manufacturing sector (7.6%), domestic services (5.8%) and others
(8%). It is necessary to mention that these figures are for the
national level. (ILO-IPEC, Taller Latinoamericano para la formación
de estadísticos y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo
infantil, Colombia, julio de 1998)
* In November 1998,
a joint report of the Salvadoran Institute for the Protection of Children
(ISPM) and UNICEF, based on nation-wide data collected in 1996, indicated
that of the 1.8 million children between 5 and 17 years of age, roughly
6.6% or 118,800 worked without attending school, and 36,200 of these
were under the age of 14. An additional 5.8% or 104,400 worked but
also attended schools, of these 55,300 were under the age of 14. (US
Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* The Multi-purpose
Household Survey of 1997 showed that children between 10-15 years
performed the following activities: agriculture (67%), hotels and
restaurants (11.6%), manufacturing industry (7.6%), domestic service
(5.8%) and others . (ILO-IPEC, El trabajo
infantil en America Latina - CD-ROM, August 1999)
* In 1995, there
were 99,000 economically active children between the age of 10-14,
representing 15.17% of this age group. Of these, 19,000 were girls
and 81,000 were boys. (ILO, International
Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population
1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 78,808 in 1992
and 68,202 in 1997. (ILO, Yearbook of
Labour Statistics, 1998)
* In 1992, 78,808
children were economically active, and in 1997, 68,202 children.
(ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics,
1998)
GENERAL NOTES
AND OBSERVATIONS
*
With
respect to gender, it mentions that within the agricultural sector
(the principal branch of economic activities), males occupy 93 %
of the employment whereas the girls only 7 % due to the nature of
the activity. (ILO-IPEC,
Taller Latinoamericano para la formación de estadísticos
y diseño de encuestas sobre trabajo infantil, Colombia, julio
de 1998)
|
| Child
Slavery |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* The report
on the State of the Nation in Human Development of El Salvador (Estado
de la Nación en Desarrollo humano de El Salvador ,1999) emphasizes
that hundreds of girls from El Salvador are taken illegally to Guatemala
with the promise to be employed as domestics and end up exploited
and forced to be prostitutes. The procurer of the girls in Guatemala
qualifies their situation as "slavery". According to the
NGO Casa Alianza , the number of girls from El Salvador in this
situation could be as high as 2,000. (DNI,
"La prevención y eliminación de las peores formas
de trabajo infantil y adolescente un reto para la democracia y el
desarrollo humano." DNI- Costa Rica, 2001)
|
| Child
Trafficking |
NATIONAL
STATISTICS
* The report on the
State of the Nation in Human Development of El Salvador (Estado
de la Nación en Desarrollo humano de El Salvador ,1999) emphasizes
that hundreds of girls from El Salvador are taken illegally to Guatemala
with the promise to be employed as domestics and end up exploited
and forced to be prostitutes. The procurer of the girls in Guatemala
qualifies their situation as "slavery". According to the
NGO Casa Alianza , the number of girls from El Salvador in this
situation could be as high as 2,000. (DNI, "La prevención
y eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil y
adolescente un reto para la democracia y el desarrollo humano."
DNI- Costa Rica, 2001)
* Police in
late 1996 estimated that more than 2,000 minors were being exploited
in approximately 600 clandestine bars and brothels in Guatemala
City, approximately 1,200 of them were Salvadoran, 500 were Honduran
and Nicaraguan and the rest were Guatemalan. (ECPAT
International)
GENERAL NOTES AND
OBSERVATIONS
* El Salvador is a source
and transit country for trafficking in persons, primarily women and girls,
who are trafficked to Guatemala and other Central American countries. Trafficking
also occurs within the country. The majority of trafficked victims transiting
to El Salvador are from Nicaragua, Honduras, and South America. (US
Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
*
According to press reports, during the year agents of the INTERPOL operating
in the country discovered a prostitution network trafficking young girls
from several central American countries to work in bars along the border
with Guatemala. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Along the border, many children are brought into Guatemala from El Salvador,
Nicaragua, and Honduras by organised rings, who force them into prostitution.
(US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25
February 2000)
* Honduran girls, 13 and 14 year olds, were trafficked by organised crime
groups in central America from the cities of Tegucigalpa, San Pedro
Sula and El Progreso under false pretenses, such as job offerings
and scholarships and are sold to brothels in Guatemala, El Salvador,
and Mexico. (CATW Fact Book, citing "More Honduran Girls Prostituted",
Reuters, 28 February 1998, citing INTERPOL)
* Eight El Salvadorian
girls were rescued from a nightclub raid in Guatemala City, where they
had been trafficked under false pretenses and sexually exploited.
(ECPAT International)
|
| Child
Prostitution and
Pornography |
LOCAL STATISTICS
* The report
on the State of the Nation in Human Development of El Salvador (Estado
de la Nación en Desarrollo humano de El Salvador ,1999) emphasizes
that hundreds of girls from El Salvador are taken illegally to Guatemala
with the promise to be employed as domestics and end up exploited
and forced to be prostitutes. The procurer of the girls in Guatemala
qualifies their situation as "slavery". According to the
NGO Casa Alianza , the number of girls from El Salvador in this
situation could be as high as 2,000. (DNI,
"La prevención y eliminación de las peores formas
de trabajo infantil y adolescente un reto para la democracia y el
desarrollo humano." DNI- Costa Rica, 2001)
*
A NGO study in 1998 indicated that at least 44 % of the estimated
1,300 prostitutes in 3 major red light districts of San Salvador
were between the ages of 13 and 18.
(US
Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999,
25 February 2000)
GENERAL
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
*
Between 10 and 25% of "visible" prostitutes are minors,
and an estimated 40% of the "hidden" prostitutes who cater
to upper-class clients are believed to be minors, according to a
UNICEF study released during the year. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing UNICEF study)
*
Along the border, many children are brought into Guatemala from El Salvador,
Nicaragua, and Honduras by organised rings, who force them into prostitution.
(US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* Street children are
often exploited as prostitutes. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Honduran girls,
13 and 14 year olds, were trafficked by organised crime groups in central
America from the cities of Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and El Progreso
under false pretenses, such as job offerings and scholarships and sold
to brothels in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Mexico. (CATW
Fact Book, citing "More Honduran Girls Prostituted", Reuters, 28 February
1998, citing INTERPOL)
|
| Children
in Crime |
GENERAL JUVENILE
CRIME STATISTICS
* 18.6% of total
prisoners are juveniles. (UNDP,
Human Development Report, 1999)
|
| Child
Soldiers |
RECRUITMENT
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
* The minimum age
for conscription is 18 years. (Guy Goodwin-Gill and Ilene Cohn, Child Soldiers, The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)
NOTES ON
GOVERNMENT FORCES
*
There are indications of under-18s in government armed forces since voluntary
recruitment can take place from the age of sixteen. During the civil war,
some 80% of government and 20% of opposition forces were estimated to be
children. (CSUCS,
Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001, 12 June 2001)
*
Volunteers from 16 years of age are taken in the armed forces. (Rädda
Barnen, Childwar database)
NOTES ON PREVIOUS ARMED CONFLICTS
* During the civil war,
it has been estimated that 80% of the troops were under 18 years of age.
The FMLN also recruited children, and it has been estimated that 20% of
the FMLN combatants were under 18. (CSUCS,
Americas Report, July 1999, citing War Resisters' International, The CONCODOC
Project, 1998)
* In El Salvador,
children whose parents had been killed by government soldiers joined
opposition groups for protection. (UN, Graca Machel,
Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, 26 August 1996)
|
| Domestic
Child Servants |
- |
Other
Hazardous
Child Labour |
GENERAL NOTES AND
OBSERVATIONS
* Child labour is
common in the coffee sector, the sugar industry and in the cottage production
of fireworks. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
SPECIFIC SECTORS
* Garment Manufacturing
- More than 100 child workers were noted in Mandarin International garment
manufacturing plant, producing garments for GAP.
(US Dept of Labor, Industry and Codes of Conduct,
1996)
* Street Vending -
Most of the working children are street vendors.
(EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
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